<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">euraint</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ЕВРАЗИЙСКАЯ ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ: экономика, право, политика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-2929</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RANEPA.North-West Institute of Management.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2073-2929-2022-04-68-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">euraint-1082</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль цифровой трансформации в борьбе с преступностью на море</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Role of the Digital Transformation in the Fight against Crime at Sea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4445-1682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириленко</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirilenko</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кириленко Виктор Петрович - заведующий кафедрой международного и гуманитарного права СЗИУ РАНХиГС, доктор юридических наук, профессор, заслуженный юрист Российской Федерации.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor P. Kirilenko - Head of the Chair of International and Humanitarian Law of North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA, Doctor of Science (Jurisprudence), Professor, Honored Lawyer of Russian Federation.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.vvaas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3720-0105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеев Георгий Валерьевич - доцент кафедры правоведения СЗИУ РАНХиГС, кандидат юридических наук, доцент.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgy V. Alekseev - Associate Professor of the Chair of Law of North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA, PhD in Jurisprudence, Associate Professor.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Deltafox1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный институт управления РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кириленко В.П., Алексеев Г.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кириленко В.П., Алексеев Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirilenko V.P., Alekseev G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.eijournal.ru/jour/article/view/1082">https://www.eijournal.ru/jour/article/view/1082</self-uri><abstract><p>Борьба с преступностью на море предполагает создание современной системы безопасности в морских портах, территориальном море и прилежащей зоне на всем протяжении транспортных коридоров в условиях интенсивного судоходства.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка влияния цифровой трансформации на борьбу с преступностью на море.</p></sec><sec><title>Задачи</title><p>Задачи. Во-первых, охарактеризовать воздействие цифровых технологий на характер пиратских нападений и других морских правонарушений, которые являются актуальными угрозами для морской инфраструктуры. Во-вторых, проанализировать влияние современных мер по борьбе с морской преступностью на экономику морских портов, судоходных компаний и других субъектов морского бизнеса. В-третьих, рассмотреть роль администрации морского порта и частных военных компаний в борьбе с правонарушениями на море.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. Исследование проводится формально-правовой и сравнительно-правовой методикой с применением обзорно-аналитического подхода.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ данных показывает, что администрации морских портов заинтересованы в оптимизации затрат на безопасность за счет создания удобной цифровой системы управления приморской инфраструктурой. Системы безопасности и логистические решения зависят от эффективности цифровых технологий, внедряемых в интересах обеспечения безопасности мореплавания. Конвенция по охране человеческой жизни на море (СОЛАС-74/88), дополненная Международным кодексом безопасности судов и портовых средств (ISPS) в 2004 г., предусматривает универсальную систему морской безопасности, вместе с тем имплементации этих норм в ряде регионов Мирового океана недостаточно для нейтрализации приморских криминальных угроз.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В условиях цифровизации меры по борьбе с преступностью на море приводят к значительным затратам, так как требуют сложной технологической инфраструктуры на судах и в портах. Нормы морского права, нацеленные на борьбу с пиратством и контрабандой, следует имплементировать на национальном уровне с учетом социально-экономических особенностей развития приморской инфраструктуры. Поскольку негативные экономические тренды влекут за собой рост криминальной активности, постольку в борьбе с пиратством и контрабандой не следует приносить в жертву экономические интересы субъектов торгового мореплавания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Crime control at the sea involves public activities to create a modern security system in seaports, at the territorial sea and the adjacent zone throughout the sea corridors, as well as in the open sea on sea routes with intensive shipping.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Impact assessment of digital transformation on maritime crime control.</p></sec><sec><title>Tasks</title><p>Tasks. Firstly, to characterize the impact of digital technologies on the nature of pirate attacks and other maritime offenses, which are actual threats to the maritime infrastructure. Secondly, to analyze the impact of modern measures to combat maritime crime on the economy of seaports, shipping companies and other maritime business entities. Thirdly, to demonstrate the role of the seaport administration and private military companies in the fight against offenses at sea.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study is carried out by formal legal and comparative legal methodology using a review-analytical approach.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Data analysis shows that the administrations of seaports are interested in optimizing security costs by creating a convenient digital management system for the coastal infrastructure. Security systems and logistics solutions depend on the effectiveness of digital technologies implemented in the interests of ensuring the safety of navigation. The Convention for the Safety of Human Life at Sea (SOLAS-74/88), supplemented by the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS) in 2004, provides for a universal maritime security system, however, the implementation of these standards in a number of regions of the World Ocean is not enough to neutralize coastal criminal threats.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In the context of digitalization, measures to combat crime at sea lead to significant costs, as they require complex technological infrastructure on ships and in ports. The norms of the law of the sea aimed at combating piracy and smuggling should be implemented at the national level, taking into account the socio-economic features of the maritime infrastructure development. Since negative economic trends entail an increase in criminal activity, the economic interests of commercial shipping entities should not be sacrificed in the fight against piracy and smuggling.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>пиратство</kwd><kwd>контрабанда</kwd><kwd>терроризм</kwd><kwd>ЮНКЛОС</kwd><kwd>СОЛАС</kwd><kwd>портовый контроль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>security</kwd><kwd>piracy</kwd><kwd>smuggling</kwd><kwd>terrorism</kwd><kwd>UNCLOS</kwd><kwd>SOLAS</kwd><kwd>port control</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Варфоломеев А. А. Современное морское пиратство и действующее международное право // Международная жизнь. 2015. № 4. С. 149–162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varfolomeev A. A. Modern Maritime Piracy and Current International Law. International life [Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn’]. 2015; (4): 149–162. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуцуляк В. Н. Правовое регулирование захода торговых судов в иностранные порты в условиях пандемии Covid-19 // Государство и право. 2020. № 7. С. 100–110. DOI: 10.31857/S102694520010654-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gutsulyak V. N. Legal Regulation of Merchant Ships Entering Foreign Ports in the Conditions of the Covid-19 Pandemic. State and Law [Gosudarstvo i pravo]. 2020; (7): 100–110. (In Rus.) DOI: 10.31857/S102694520010654-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуцуляк В. Н. Правовые средства борьбы с пиратством и терроризмом на морском транспорте // Транспортное право и безопасность. 2018. № 4 (28). С. 41–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gutsulyak V. N. Legal Means of Combating Piracy and Terrorism in Maritime Transport. Transport Law and Security [Transportnoe pravo i bezopasnost’]. 2018; 28 (4): 41–44. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириленко В. П., Алексеев Г. В. Гармонизация российского уголовного законодательства о противодействии киберпреступности с правовыми стандартами Совета Европы // Всероссийский криминологический журнал. 2020. Т. 14. № 6. С. 898–913. DOI: 10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(6).898-913</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirilenko V. P., Alekseev G. V. Harmonization of Russian Criminal Legislation on Countering Cybercrime with the Legal Standards of the Council of Europe. All-Russian Journal of Criminology [Vserossiiskii kriminologicheskii zhurnal]. 2020; 14 (6): 898–913. (In Rus.) DOI: 10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(6).898-913</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириленко В. П., Алексеев Г. В. Экстремисты: преступники и жертвы радикального насилия // Всероссийский криминологический журнал. 2019. Т. 13. № 4. С. 612–628. DOI: 10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(4).612-628</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirilenko V. P., Alekseev G. V. Extremists: Criminals and Victims of Radical Violence. All-Russian Criminological Journal [Vserossiiskii kriminologicheskii zhurnal]. 2019; 13 (4): 612–628. (In Rus.) DOI: 10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(4).612-628</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириленко В. П., Алексеев Г. В. Киберпреступность и цифровая трансформация // Теоретическая и прикладная юриспруденция. 2021. № 1. С. 39–53. DOI: 10.22394/2686-7834-2021-1-39-53</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirilenko V. P., Alekseev G. V. Cybercrime and Digital Transformation. Theoretical and Applied Jurisprudence [Teoreticheskaya i prikladnaya yurisprudentsiya]. 2021; (1): 39–53. (In Rus.) DOI: 10.22394/2686-7834-2021-1-39-53</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириленко В. П., Алексеев Г. В. Противодействие идеологии современного терроризма // Управленческое консультирование. 2018. № 5 (113). С. 8–18. DOI: 10.22394/1726-1139-2018-5-8-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirilenko V. P., Alekseev G. V. Countering the Ideology of Modern Terrorism. Administrative Consulting [Upravlencheskoe konsul’tirovanie]. 2018; 113 (5): 8–18. (In Rus.) DOI: 10.22394/1726-1139-2018-5-8-18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кожевин Д. Ф., Поляков А. С., Таранцев А. А. [и др.]. Пожарная безопасность транспортно-перегрузочных комплексов угля, сжиженных углеводородных газов и нефтепродуктов в морском порту // Морские интеллектуальные технологии. 2020. № 4–1 (50). С. 193–200. DOI: 10.37220/MIT.2020.50.4.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozhevin D. F., Polyakov A. S., Tarantsev A. A. [et al.]. Fire Safety of Transport and Transshipment Complexes of Coal, Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Petroleum Products in the Seaport. Marine Intelligent Technologies [Morskie intellektual’nye tekhnologii]. 2020; 50 (4–1): 193–200. (In Rus.) DOI: 10.37220/MIT.2020.50.4.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сидорченко В. Ф. Морские пираты: от средневековья к современности. СПб., 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorchenko V. F. Sea Pirates: From the Middle Ages to the Present. St. Petersburg, 2016. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сидорченко В. Ф. Морское пиратство. СПб., 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorchenko V. F. Maritime Piracy. St. Petersburg, 2004. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сидорченко В. Ф. Первый на Земле «профсоюз» пиратов // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Право. 2013. № 2. С. 75–78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorchenko V. F. The First “Trade Union” of Pirates on Earth. Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Right [Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Pravo]. 2013; (2): 75–78. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сидорченко В. Ф. Спасание человеческих жизней и имущества на море «по-пиратски» // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Право. 2010. № 2. С. 84–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorchenko V. F. Saving Human Lives and Property at Sea “in a Piratical Way”. Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Right [Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Pravo]. 2010; (2): 84–92. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хижняк В. С. Современные проблемы международно-правового сотрудничества по борьбе с пиратством // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета МВД России. 2017. № 1 (73). С. 82–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khizhnyak V. S. Modern Problems of International Legal Cooperation in Combating Piracy. Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia [Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii]. 2017; 73 (1): 82–86. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abliakimova E., Jianjun W. Legal Regime of Russian Seaports: Security Policy Updates // Lex Portus. 2020, 7 (5). DOI: 10.26886/2524-101X.6.2020.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abliakimova E., Jianjun W. Legal Regime of Russian Seaports: Security Policy Updates. Lex Portus. 2020; 7 (5). DOI: 10.26886/2524-101X.6.2020.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agatić A., Kolanović I. Improving the Seaport Service Quality by Implementing Digital Technologies // Pomorstvo. 2020, 34, 93–101. DOI: 10.31217/p.34.1.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agatić A., Kolanović I. Improving the Seaport Service Quality by Implementing Digital Technologies. Pomorstvo. 2020; (34): 93–101. DOI: 10.31217/p.34.1.11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akinyemi Y. C. Port Reform in Nigeria: Efficiency Gains and Challenges // GeoJournal. 2016, 81 (5), 681–97. DOI: 10.1007/s10708-015-9657-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akinyemi Y. C. Port Reform in Nigeria: Efficiency Gains and Challenges. GeoJournal. 2016; 81 (5): 681–97. DOI: 10.1007/s10708-015-9657-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andritsos F., Mosconi M. Port Security in EU: A Systemic Approach. 2010 International Waterside Security Conference, WSS 2010. DOI: 10.1109/WSSC.2010.5730222</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andritsos F., Mosconi M. Port Security in EU: A Systemic Approach. 2010 International Waterside Security Conference, WSS 2010. DOI: 10.1109/WSSC.2010.5730222</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andritsos F. Port Security &amp; Access Control: A Systemic Approach. IISA 2013 — 4th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications. 2013. DOI: 10.1109/IISA.2013.6623728</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andritsos F. Port Security &amp; Access Control: A Systemic Approach. IISA 2013 — 4th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications. 2013. DOI: 10.1109/IISA.2013.6623728</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corruble P. EU Competition Law Applicable to Liner Shipping and Seaports: New Challenges of the Regulation. Bruxelles : Bruylant. 2021. 144 p</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corruble P. EU Competition Law Applicable to Liner Shipping and Seaports: New Challenges of the Regulation. Bruxelles : Bruylant. 2021. 144 p</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis C. The Politics of Ports: Privatization and the World’s Ports // International Labor and Working-Class History. 2007, 71 (1), 154-161. DOI: 10.1017/S0147547907000385</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis C. The Politics of Ports: Privatization and the World’s Ports. International Labor and Working-Class History. 2007; 71 (1): 154–161. DOI: 10.1017/S0147547907000385</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effah J., Amankwah-Sarfo F., Boateng R. Affordances and Constraints Processes of Smart Service Systems: Insights from the Case of Seaport Security in Ghana // International Journal of Information Management. 2021, 58. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Effah J., Amankwah-Sarfo F., Boateng R. Affordances and Constraints Processes of Smart Service Systems: Insights from the Case of Seaport Security in Ghana. International Journal of Information Management. 2021; (58). DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102204</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eski Y. Policing, Port Security and Crime Control. An Ethnography of the Port Securityscape. Routledge. 2018. 256 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eski Y. Policing, Port Security and Crime Control. An Ethnography of the Port Securityscape. Routledge. 2018. 256 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eski Y., Buijt R. Dockers in Drugs: Policing the Illegal Drug Trade and Port Employee Corruption in the Port of Rotterdam // Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. 2017, 11 (4), 371–386. DOI: 10.1093/police/paw044</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eski Y., Buijt R. Dockers in Drugs: Policing the Illegal Drug Trade and Port Employee Corruption in the Port of Rotterdam. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. 2017; 11 (4): 371–386. DOI: 10.1093/police/paw044</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galani S. Port Closures and Persons at Sea in International Law // International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 2021, 70 (3), 605-633. DOI: 10.1017/S0020589321000233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galani S. Port Closures and Persons at Sea in International Law. International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 2021; 70 (3): 605–633. DOI: 10.1017/S0020589321000233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gjørv G. H. Security by Any Other Name: Negative Security, Positive Security, and a Multi-Actor Security Approach // Review of International Studies. 2012, 38 (4), 835–859. DOI: 10.1017/S0260210511000751</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gjørv G. H. Security by Any Other Name: Negative Security, Positive Security, and a Multi-Actor Security Approach. Review of International Studies. 2012; 38 (4): 835–859. DOI: 10.1017/S0260210511000751</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gunes B., Kayisoglu G., Bolat P. Cyber Security Risk Assessment for Seaports: A Case Study of a Container Port // Computers and Security. 2021, 103. DOI: 10.1016/j.cose.2021.102196</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gunes B., Kayisoglu G., Bolat P. Cyber Security Risk Assessment for Seaports: A Case Study of a Container Port. Computers and Security. 2021; (103). DOI: 10.1016/j.cose.2021.102196</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heilig L., Lalla-Ruiz E., Voß S. Digital Transformation in Maritime Ports: Analysis and a Game Theoretic Framework // NETNOMICS: Economic Research and Electronic Networking. 2017, 18. DOI: 10.1007/s11066-017-9122-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heilig L., Lalla-Ruiz E., Voß S. Digital Transformation in Maritime Ports: Analysis and a Game Theoretic Framework. NETNOMICS: Economic Research and Electronic Networking. 2017; (18). DOI: 10.1007/s11066-017-9122-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jović M. Digital Transformation of Croatian Seaports. 32nd Bled eConference Humanizing Technology for a Sustainable Society, BLED 2019 — Conference Proceedings. 2020, 1147–1164. DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-280-0.63</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jović M. Digital Transformation of Croatian Seaports. 32nd Bled eConference Humanizing Technology for a Sustainable Society, BLED 2019 — Conference Proceedings. 2020; 1147–1164. DOI: 10.18690/978-961-286-280-0.63</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konvisarova E. V., Levchenko T. A., Pustovarov A. A. Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Supply Chain Strategies Role and Analysis of Seaport Competitiveness in the Far East of Russia // International Journal of Supply Chain Management. 2019, 8 (6), 493–498.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konvisarova E. V., Levchenko T. A., Pustovarov A. A. Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Supply Chain Strategies Role and Analysis of Seaport Competitiveness in the Far East of Russia. International Journal of Supply Chain Management. 2019; 8 (6): 493–498.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lamarque H. Profitable Inefficiency: The Politics of Port Infrastructure in Mombasa, Kenya // The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2019, 57 (1), 85–109. DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X18000630</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lamarque H. Profitable Inefficiency: The Politics of Port Infrastructure in Mombasa, Kenya. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2019; 57 (1): 85–109. DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X18000630</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu C. P., Liang G. S., Su Y. [et all.] Navigation Safety Analysis in Taiwanese Ports // Journal of Navigation. 2006, 59 (2), 201–211. DOI: 10.1017/S0373463306003687</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu C. P., Liang G. S., Su Y. [et all.] Navigation Safety Analysis in Taiwanese Ports. Journal of Navigation. 2006; 59 (2): 201–211. DOI: 10.1017/S0373463306003687</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Łozowicka D., Kaup M. Koncepcja bezpiecznej ewakuacji ze statków cumujących w rzeczno-morskim porcie Szczecin w przypadku zagrożenia terrorystycznego podczas trwania imprez masowych // Bezpieczenstwo i Technika Pozarnicza. 2016, 43, 161–172. (На польском яз.) DOI: 10.12845/bitp.43.3.2016.14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Łozowicka D., Kaup M. The Concept of Safe Evacuation from Sea Faring Vessels at the Port of Szczecin in Circumstances Occasioned by Terrorist Threats during Mass Events = Koncepcja bezpiecznej ewakuacji ze statków cumujących w rzeczno-morskim porcie Szczecin w przypadku zagrożenia terrorystycznego podczas trwania imprez masowych. Bezpieczenstwo i Technika Pozarnicza. 2016; 43: 161–172. (In Polish) DOI: 10.12845/bitp.43.3.2016.14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McNicholas M. A. A Strategic Blueprint for World-Class Seaport Security. Maritime Security. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2016. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803672-3.00010-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McNicholas M. A. A Strategic Blueprint for World-Class Seaport Security. Maritime Security. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2016. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803672-3.00010-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nassar C. K., Nastacă C. C. The Beirut Port Explosion: Social, Urban and Economic Impact // Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management. 2021, 16 (3), 42–52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nassar C. K., Nastacă C. C. The Beirut Port Explosion: Social, Urban and Economic Impact. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management. 2021; 16 (3): 42–52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pavlić Skender H., Ribarić E., Jović M. An Overview of Modern Technologies in Leading Global Seaports // Journal of Maritime &amp; Transportation Science. 2020, 59, 35–49. DOI: 10.18048/2020.59.02</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlić Skender H., Ribarić E., Jović M. An Overview of Modern Technologies in Leading Global Seaports. Journal of Maritime &amp; Transportation Science. 2020; (59): 35–49. DOI: 10.18048/2020.59.02</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Philipp R., Gerlitz L., Moldabekova A. Small and Medium-Sized Seaports on the Digital Track: Tracing Digitalisation Across the South Baltic Region by Innovative Auditing Procedures. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. 2020. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44610-9_35</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Philipp R., Gerlitz L., Moldabekova A. Small and Medium-Sized Seaports on the Digital Track: Tracing Digitalisation Across the South Baltic Region by Innovative Auditing Procedures. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. 2020. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44610-9_35</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarabia-Jacome D., Palau C. E., Esteve M. [et all.] Seaport Data Space for Improving Logistic Maritime Operations // IEEE Access. 2020, 8, 4372–4382. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2963283</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarabia-Jacome D., Palau C. E., Esteve M. [et all.] Seaport Data Space for Improving Logistic Maritime Operations. IEEE Access. 2020; (8): 4372–4382. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2963283</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sciascia A. Monitoring the Border: Indonesian Port Security and the Role of Private Actors // Contemporary Southeast Asia. 2013, 35 (2), 163–187. DOI: 10.1355/cs35-2b</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sciascia A. Monitoring the Border: Indonesian Port Security and the Role of Private Actors. Contemporary Southeast Asia. 2013; 35 (2): 163–187. DOI: 10.1355/cs35-2b</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sergi A. Playing Pac-Man in Portville: Policing the Dilution and Fragmentation of Drug Importations through Major Seaports // European Journal of Criminology. 2020. DOI: 10.1177/1477370820913465</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergi A. Playing Pac-Man in Portville: Policing the Dilution and Fragmentation of Drug Importations through Major Seaports. European Journal of Criminology. 2020. DOI: 10.1177/1477370820913465</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sergi A., Reid A., Storti L. [et all.] Ports, Crime and Security: Governing and Policing Seaports in a Changing World. Bristol University Press. 2021. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1rnpjf6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergi A., Reid A., Storti L. [et all.] Ports, Crime and Security: Governing and Policing Seaports in a Changing World. Bristol University Press. 2021. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1rnpjf6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang X. Optimal Scheduling Method of Transport Path in Coastal Port International Logistics Park // Journal of Coastal Research. 2019, 93, 1125–1131. DOI: 10.2112/SI93-163.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang X. Optimal Scheduling Method of Transport Path in Coastal Port International Logistics Park. Journal of Coastal Research. 2019; (93): 1125–1131. DOI: 10.2112/SI93-163.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turluchev A., Filobok A., Volkova T. [et all.] A. Sea Ports in the Sustainable Development of the Azov-Black Sea Coast. 14th MEDCOAST Congress on Coastal and Marine Sciences, Engineering, Management and Conservation, MEDCOAST. 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turluchev A., Filobok A., Volkova T. [et all.] A. Sea Ports in the Sustainable Development of the Azov-Black Sea Coast. 14th MEDCOAST Congress on Coastal and Marine Sciences, Engineering, Management and Conservation, MEDCOAST. 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turnbull P., Weston S. Employment Regulation, State Intervention and the Economic Performance of European Ports // Cambridge Journal of Economics. 1992, 16 (4), 385–404. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035210</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turnbull P., Weston S. Employment Regulation, State Intervention and the Economic Performance of European Ports. Cambridge Journal of Economics. 1992; 16 (4): 385–404. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035210</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vukovic N., Mekhrentsev A., Vukovic D. Transnational Transport Corridor of the Northern Sea Route Based on Sabetta Seaport: Challenges of Regional Development for Russia // Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA. 2018, 68 (3), 405–414. DOI: 10.2298/ijgi180613005v</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vukovic N., Mekhrentsev A., Vukovic D. Transnational Transport Corridor of the Northern Sea Route Based on Sabetta Seaport: Challenges of Regional Development for Russia. Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA. 2018; 68 (3): 405–414. DOI: 10.2298/ijgi180613005v</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X., Roe M. Models of Container Port Security. Maritime Container Port Security 2019. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03825-0_4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X., Roe M. Models of Container Port Security. Maritime Container Port Security 2019. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03825-0_4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
