euraintЕВРАЗИЙСКАЯ ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ: экономика, право, политикаEURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics2073-2929RANEPA.North-West Institute of Management.CYIGUWeuraint-1476Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКАECONOMICSЦели сотрудничества России и Китая по развитию Северного морского пути: позиция государств и бизнесаGoals of Russia-China Cooperation in Developing the Northern Sea Route: The Position of the Governments and Businesshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8233-5212ЖиряеваЕ. В.ZhiryaevaElena V.

Жиряева Елена Васильевна, доктор экономических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры экономики

Санкт-Петербург

Elena V. Zhiryaeva, Doctor of Science (Economy), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Economy

Saint Petersburg

zhiryaeva-ev@ranepa.ruЗверевА. А.ZverevArtem A.

Зверев Артем Александрович, аспирант кафедры экономики

Санкт-Петербург

Artem A. Zverev, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Economy

Saint Petersburg

ceo@my-ort.ruРоссийская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации, Северо-Западный институт управленияРоссияRussian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, North-West Institute of ManagementRussian Federation2025021020251932030Copyright © Жиряева Е.В., Зверев А.А., 20252025Жиряева Е.В., Зверев А.А.Zhiryaeva E.V., Zverev A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.eijournal.ru/jour/article/view/1476

Развивающееся сотрудничество России и Китая по освоению Северного морского пути требует теоретического осмысления как самостоятельное явление. Цель и задачи. Целью статьи является поиск наиболее приемлемого подхода, которым может быть описано взаимодействие двух стран на базе теорий международных отношений. Задачами являлись исследования российско-китайского сотрудничества с позиций реализма, институционализма и конструктивизма. Методология. Результаты получены на основе высказываний официальных лиц и представителей бизнеса, сделанных на экономических форумах «Росконгресса» в 2018–2025 гг. Результаты. Для российской стороны подход с позиций реализма предполагает влияние на мировые рынки, а также приоритет для взаимодействия с дружественными странами. Китайская сторона указывает на стратегическую ценность партнерских отношений. Обе стороны получают влияние на геополитику в регионе. Оценка роли институтов показала их значимость для достижения целей устойчивого развития, организации судоходства, хозяйственного освоения Арктической зоны. В 2025 г. взаимодействие перешло на уровень двухсторонних межправительственных форматов и синхронизации целей с отдельными странами. С позиций конструктивистского подхода можно говорить о корпоративной идентичности (освоение Арктики является крупнейшим в истории России проектом и обеспечивает поворот на Восток), типовой идентичности (Арктика — национальная идея России и миссия Китая), ролевой (Россия нуждается в инвестициях и технологиях; для двух стран важны контейнеризация, наличие судов ледового класса и круглогодичная навигация), а также коллективной идентичности, посредством которой страны позиционируют себя как единое целое, разделяя общее экономическое будущее, подтверждая дружбу и неуклонную взаимную поддержку. Теория комплексной взаимозависимости (неореализм), предполагающая вынужденное сотрудничество, не нашла явного подтверждения в рассмотренном кейсе, хотя в большинстве публикаций именно реализмом и неореализмом объясняется российскокитайское сближение. Выводы. Когда мы хотим объяснить отношения двух стран, разделявших на протяжении десятилетий коммунистическую идеологию, теории, основанные на рыночных соображениях, оказываются половинчатыми. Приверженность дружбе дает отношениям стабильность, что ведет к долгосрочному экономическому результату.

The developing cooperation between Russia and China in the development of the Northern Sea Route requires theoretical understanding as an independent phenomenon. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to find the most acceptable approach that can describe the interaction of the two countries based on theories of international relations. The objectives were to study Russian-Chinese cooperation from the standpoint of realism, institutionalism and constructivism. Methods. The results are obtained based on statements by officials and business representatives made at the Roscongress economic forums in 2018–2025. Results. For the Russian side, the approach from the standpoint of realism implies influence on world markets, as well as priority for interaction with friendly countries. The Chinese side points to the strategic value of partnership relations. Both parties gain influence on geopolitics in the region. An assessment of the role of institutions showed their importance for achieving sustainable development goals, organizing shipping, and economic development of the Arctic zone. In 2025, interaction moved to the level of bilateral intergovernmental formats and synchronization of goa ls with individual countries. From the standpoint of the constructivist approach, we can talk about corporate identity (the development of the Arctic is the largest project in the history of Russia and ensures a turn to the East), typical identity (the Arctic is the national idea of Russia and the mission of China), role identity (Russia needs investments and technologies. Containerization, the presence of ice-class vessels and year-round navigation are important for both), as well as collective identity, through which the countries p osition themselves as a single whole, sharing a common economic future, confirming friendship and steadfast mutual support. The theory of complex interdependence (neorealism), which assumes forced cooperation, did not find clear confirmation in the considered case, although in most publications it is realism and neorealism that explain the Russian-Chinese rapprochement. Conclusions. When we want to explain the relations of two countries that shared communist ideology for decades, theories based on market considerations turn out to be half-hearted. Commitment to friendship gives stability to the relationship, which leads to long-term economic results.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.