Features of Political Transit in the Post-Soviet Space (on the Example of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the Donetsk People’s Republic)

The collapse of the USSR led not only to the formation of 15 independent states in the place of the former Soviet republics, but also to the strengthening of secessionism and the emergence of de facto states in the post-Soviet. The emergence, formation and transit of states of this type have many, both common and specific features associated with the peculiarities of their birth.

Aim. A comparative analysis of the formation and transit of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR) and the Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) as de facto states of the Russian world and a comparative analysis of the formation of industrial models of the economy of the unrecognized states and their management systems.

Tasks. Development of models of management systems for the development of the economy of the self-proclaimed republics. Drawing up and substantiation of medium-term forecasts for the development of the PMR and the DPR: 1) integration into a new union state; 2) return to their “mother states” (Moldova and Ukraine); 3) joining Russia, 4) partial international recognition; 5) continuation of existence in the form of a “gray zone” of the economy and politics. Other options are possible, the most tragic of which is the end of support from Russia, which means the end of the existence of these de facto states.

Methods. Methods of system analysis, short- and medium-term forecasting, comparative analysis were used.

Conclusions. At the heart of any political system is the economy. It is the quality of the constructed economic model that determines the level and duration of the political independence of the state. This connection is especially evident in the construction of the statehood of territorial neoplasms, in which the creation of an economic system is built according to the patterns and principles of the economic system of the patron stateareas”, the shortcomings of the patron state system of the same name, from which the economic model and management mechanisms were “written off”, a comprehensive consideration of the features of secessionism in the specific historical conditions of the emergence of unrecogni zed states is necessary.

1. Babilunga N. Transnistria: Steps of History. Tiraspol, 2015. 72 p. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://mfa-pmr.org/ru/node/5185 (date of access: 13.11.2021). (In rus)

2. Galinsky I. N. Transnistria in the struggle for sovereignty and international recognition. Tiraspol : TIPAR, 2020. 480 p. (In Rus.)

3. Gracheva E. V. Features of the economic development of the Transnistrian Republic of Moldova after the declaration of independence // Electronic network polythematic journal “Scientific works of KubSTU” [Nauchnye trudy KubGTU]. 2020. Vol. 3. Р. 147–154. (In Rus.)

4. Dobronravin N. A. Modernization on the sidelines: survival and development of unrecognized states in the XX — early XXI century. St. Petersburg : Publishing house of the European University in St. Petersburg, 2013. 252 p. (In Rus.)

5. Zayats D. V. The phenomenon of unrecognized states in the modern world [Electronic resource] // Bulletin of the MSRU [Vestnik MGOU]. Series: Geographic environment and living systems. 2020. Vol. 1. Р. 53–69. (In Rus.)

6. Kolosov V. A., Zayats D. V. Moldova and Transnistria: national building, territorial identities, prospects for resolving the conflict // Bulletin of Eurasia [Vestnik Evrazii]. 2001. Vol. 1. Р. 88–122. (In Rus.)

7. Markedonov S. M. De-facto states: the political phenomenon of the post-Soviet space // Bulletin of the RSHU [Vestnik RGGU]. Series: Political Science. History. International relationships. Foreig n Regional Studies. Oriental studies. 2018. Vol. 1. P. 24–40. (In Rus.)

8. Matytsin E. G., Salnikov V. I. “Revolution of Dignity” and “Russian Spring”: Comparative Analysis. Voronezh : Central and Black Earth Book Publishing House, 2020. 120 p. (In Rus.)

9. Towards a new statehood: economic and socio-legal transformations : Collective monograph / V. V. Sednev, E. V. Kotov, A. V. Voitov [et al.] / e d. by L. B. Kostrovets, L. G. Bordyugov. Donetsk : Foliant, 2019. 333 p. (In Rus.)

10. Nikolaev D. G. The phenomenon of unrecognized states in world politics // Bulletin of Moscow University [Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta]. Series 25: International relations and world politics. 2010. Vol. 1. Р. 27–41. (In Rus.)

11. Popov F. A. Geography of secessionism in the modern world. Moscow : New Chronograph, 2012. 683 p. (In Rus.)

12. Salnikov V. I., Nebolsin Yu. V. Problems of state development and management in the unrecognized states of the post-Soviet space (on the example of the DPR and LPR) // Region: systems, economics, management [Region: sistemy, ekonomika, upravlenie]. 2018. Vol. 4. P. 127–133. (In Rus.)

13. Sebentsov A. B., Kolosov V. A. The phenomenon of uncontrolled territories in the modern world // Polis [Polis]. 2012. Vol. 2. Р. 31–46. (In Rus.)

14. Uzun I., Ostnaya A. Assessment of the state and development prospects of the system of employment of the population of Transnistria // Problems of interregional connections [Problemy mezhregional'nykh svyazei]. 2018. Vol. 13. P. 43–47. (In Rus.)

15. Kharitonova N. I. Attributes of the state in the unrecognized Transnistrian Republic of Moldova [Electronic resource] // State Administration [Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie]. Electronic bulletin. 2013. Vol. 37. Р. 92–106. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/atributy-gosudarstva-v-nepriznannoy-pridnestrovskoy-moldavskoy-respublike (accessed: 13.11.2021). (In Rus.)

16. Berg E., Toomla R. Forms of Normalisation in the Quest for De Facto Statehood // The International Spectator. 2009. Vol. 44. No. 4. Р. 27–45.

17. Maull H. W. World Politics in Turbulence [Electronic resource] // Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft Online. 2011. No. 1. P. 11–25. URL: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/ipg/ipg-2011-1/2011-1__03_a_maull.pdf (accessed: 13.11.2021).

18. Norman W. The Ethics of Secession as the Regulation of Secessionist Politics // National Self-Determination and Secession / ed. by M. Moore. Oxford, N. Y. : Oxf. Univ. Press, 1998. P. 34–61.

19. Rosenau J. N. Turbulence in World Politics: A Theory of Change and Continuity. Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1990. 480 p