Russian-Egyptian Cooperation in the Context of the Prospects for the Great Eurasian Partnership

The article examines the development of economic cooperation and trade exchange between Russia and Egypt over the past ten years. The most important joint projects of Russia and Egypt at the level of the public and private sectors, as well as the most important obstacles to expanding the scope of economic cooperation and trade exchange at the private sector level between the Egyptian and Russian parties are analyzed.

Aim. This study aims to monitor the various forms of economic cooperation between Egypt and Russia, since the history of these relations goes back more tha n two centuries, and currently Russia is considered one of the strongest economies in the world, one of the ten strongest economies in the world, according to the latest report from the International Monetary Fund, and is also the strongest economy in the Eurasian Union.

Tasks. Analysis of the most important economic projects in various sectors such as the agriculture and food sector, transport, free zones, energy and military cooperation, tourism between Egypt and the Russian Federation in the period from 2014 to the present, determining the degree of effectiveness of these joint projects and factors contributing to increase in the efficiency of the efficiency of the implementation of these projects and increase economic feasibility. Explore cross-culture barriers that hinder the establishment of closer contacts between the private businesses of both sides.

Methods. In this work, using the methods of logical and statistical analysis, factors were identified that contribute to the effectiveness of economic and investment interaction used in the implementation of projects aimed at bilateral development at the state level. The problems arising at the level of interaction between the private sectors of the economy of both countries were also noted.

Results. The study showed that economic projects between Egypt and the Russian Federation at the governmental level (governments, agencies, companies and public institutions) can still be considered essential for the Egyptian economy in order to achieve sustainable development, to which it aspires, but, on the contrary, for the private sector it is s till unsatisfactory and very small due to a group of intercultural obstacles, which, in our opinion, are not difficult to overcome.

Conclusions. It is advisable to consider aspects of cooperation between Egypt and Russia on a wider and more comprehensive scale than at present, and to use the opportunities available at the level of the public sector on a wider scale. With regard to trade cooperation at the private sector level, it is necessary to develop a plan to increase the volume of trade between the two countries, and it would be useful to enlist the support of the government authorities of the EEA countries.

1. Abramova I., Fituni L. Russia’s New Strategy in the African Direction [Electronic resource] // World Eсonomy and International Relations [Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya]. 2019. Vol. 63. No. 12. P. 90–100. URL: https://www.imemo.ru/en/index.php?page_id=1248&file=https://www.imemo.ru/files/File/magazines/meimo/12_2019/12-ABRAMOVA.pdf (accessed: 20.04.2023). (In Rus.) https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-12-90-100

2. Bogdanov M. L. Moscow — Cairo: Ups and Downs of Collaboration : monograph. Moscow, MGIMO-University, 2017. 334 p. (In Rus.)

3. Eurasian Economic Union. Chapter 5. Eurasian Economic Union: Ties to the Outside World. P. 156–184. St. Petersburg: Center for Integration Research EDB, 2017. 296 p. [Electronic resou rce]. URL: https://eabr.org/upload/iblock/107/EDB-Centre_2017_Monograph_EAEU_RUS_1.pdf (accessed: 20.04.2023). (In Rus.)

4. Eldar Kasaev. On the Issue of Trade and Economic Relations of Russia and Egypt [Electronic resource] // Institute of the Middle East. 17.02.2 013. URL: http://www.iimes.ru/?p=16844 (accessed: 20.04.2023).

5. Khalil M. A. Socio-Cultural Aspects of Muslim — Christian Interaction (case study of mass communication and education systems of Russia and Egypt). PhD Thesis [Electronic resource]. Moscow State Institute of International Relations. Moscow, 2016. 241 p. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317845386_SOCIOKULTURNYE_ASPEKTY_MUSULMANO-HRISTIANSKOGO_VZAIMODEJSTVIA_na_primere_deatelnosti_sredstv_massovoj_kommunikacii_i_sistem_obrazovania_Rossii_i_Egipta (accessed: 20.04.2023). (In Rus.)

6. Al-Hamati Mohammed Abduljalil. Foreign Economic Relations between Russia and Egypt in the Agricultural Sphere: Problems and Prospects of Development [Electronic resource] // RUDN Journal of Eonomics. 2022. Vol. 30. No. 1. P. 124–132. URL: https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/30662/20525 (accessed: 20.04.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2022-30-1-124-132

7. Belova I. N., Al-Hamati Mohammed Abduljalil. Russian Market of Vegetables and Fruits: Current State, Dependence on Imports, Development Prospects in the Terms of Modern Globalization. In Modern Global Economic System: Evolutional Development vs. Revolutionary Leap. 2021. Vol. 198. P. 834–842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69415-9_95

8. Dmitrieva E. Foreign Economic Strategies of Egypt and Prospects for Cooperation with Russia. Condensed abstract [Electronic resource] // Russia and the Moslem World. 2022. No. 2 (316), P. 73–77. URL: http://inion.ru/site/assets/files/6964/2022_rmm_en_2.pdf (accessed: 20.04.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rmw/2022.02.06

9. Ehrl M., Hinck R. Solving Egypt’s Economic Crisis: The Strategic Role of Chinese, Russian, and Egyptian Media Narratives // International Journal of Strategic Communication. 2021. Vol. 15. No. 5. P. 504-525. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2021.1984920

10. Hall E. Beyond Culture. Anchor Book / Doubleday. New York. 1977. 320 p.

11. Hall E. The Silent Language. Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City. New York. 1959. 242 p.

12. Khalil Mona. Features of the Russian-Egyptian Cross-Cultural Communication. Business and Management Dimensions [Electronic resource] // RUDN Journal of World History. 2019. Vol. 11. No. 1. Р. 56–64. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338162775_Features_of_the_Russian-Egyptian_crosscultural_communication_business_and_management_dimensions (accessed: 20.04.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2019-11-1-56-64

13. Khlebnikov A. Russia and Egypt: A Precarious Honeymoon. In D. Bechev, N. Popescu & S. Secrieru (Eds.). Russia Rising: Putin’s Foreign Policy in the Middle East and North Africa. London : I.B.Tauris. 2021. P. 107– 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755636679.ch-012

14. Samuel M. Hickey, Salaheddin Malkawi, Ayman Khalil. Nuclear Power in the Middle East: Financing and Geopolitics in the State Nuclear Power Programs of Turkey, Egypt, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates // Energy Research & Social Science. April 2021. Vol. 74. Page 101961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.101961

15. Savicheva E. M. Security Factor in the Middle East in Russian-Egyptian Relations (2014–2018) [Electronic resource]. ORSAM Policy Brief 121, April 2019. 14 p. URL: https://orsam.org.tr/d_hbanaliz/security-factorin-the-middle-east-in-russian-egyptian-relations-2014-2018.pdf (accessed: 20.04.2023).

16. Shaul Shay. Russia and Egypt Signed a “Comprehensive Cooperation and Strategic Partnership Agreement” [Electronic resource]. IPS publications IDC. October 2018. URL: https://www.runi.ac.il/media/fusgznha/shaulshayrussiaegypt28-10-18a.pdf (accessed: 20.04.2023).