Nation-Building in Kazakhstan: Ethno-Confessional Contexts

The scientific article is devoted to current issues - the study of the development of nation-building and the unique model of interethnic and interfaith relations in Kazakhstan.

Aim. To propose a periodization of the main stages of transformational and socio-political processes of nation-building in the Republic of Kazakhstan, at each of which the corresponding regulatory legal acts of their legitimization were adopted.

Tasks. To analyze the periods of development of nation-building, changes in the sphere of interethnic relations in the republic over the years of independence, in accordance with the constitutional reform approved in a popular referendum on June 5, 2022. Conduct a political analysis of the transformation into the socio-political practice of the fundamental principle of the Basic Law of the country — “public harmony” and in general in the regulation of interethnic relations.

Methods. To substantiate the results of the study, a variety of scientific methods were used, reflecting the peculiarities of the development of national development. Taking into account the specifics of ethno-political and integration processes in the social and regional context, determining their nature, comparative analysis, prolegomens, communication platforms and social networks were used. The methods of crowdsourcing, forsyth, road map are widely used.

Results. The management of ethno-professional processes is undoubtedly one of the most important aspects of the functioning of the State and the tasks of society. The competent definition of problem areas allows for the development of preventive measures and the avoidance of both inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic tensions and the minimization of negative impact on the development of State and religious relations. The proposed recommendations will improve the mechanisms and tools of ethno-political management in State national policy, consolidate the model of social harmony and national unity in political documents and legislative practice.

Conclusions. The effective Kazakh model of ethno-confessional harmony is based on two main components: popular representation as a reflection of the political integration of Kazakhstanis and coverage of the entire spectrum of legal ethnicities and confessions in socio-political processes. The creation and activities of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, during the years of independence, as a key socio-political structure in national politics, acts as an instrument of direct democracy and is, in fact, a people’s representation.

1. Imperatives of State Ethnopolitics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Analytical Materials and Methodological Recommendations for Government Agencies / under the General Editorship of Doctor of Political Sciences E. L. Tugzhanov, Executive Editor N. P. Kalashnikova. Astana, 2012. 516 p. (In Rus.)

2. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Scientific and Practical Commentary. Almaty : Raritet, 2010. P. 10. (In Rus.)

3. Togzhanov E. L., Abdakimov A. A., Kalashnikova N. P. [et al.] N. Nazarbayev: the Idea of Peace and Social Harmony. Astana : Akarman-media, 2010. 258 p. (In Kazakh)

4. Tugzhanov E. L., Kalashnikova N. P. [et al.] Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan: the History of Two Decades. Almaty : KAZakparat. 2015. 326 p. (In Rus.)

5. Francis Fukuyama. Pandemic and Political Order [Electronic resource] // Russia in Global Affairs. 06.25.2020. URL: https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/pandemiya-poryadok-krolik/ (accessed: 20.03.2023). (In Rus.)