Preview

EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics

Advanced search

DeepSeek (AI) within the Framework of Chinese Technological Nationalism

EDN: ARSXSA

Abstract

In today’s world artificial intelligence (AI) stands at the forefront of this technological revolution. China, recognizing the opportunities presented by this new wave of progress, is vigorously promoting the growth of its AI sector. Aim and tasks. This study delves into DeepSeek, viewing it not just as a technological achievement but as a mirror reflecting China’s broader socio-historical context, national ambitions for progress, and the transformations wrought by globalization. Methods. The primary sources of the study include: official documents and thematically relevant scholarly publications in English, Chinese and Russian, analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results. It has been revealed that the growth of the technological potential of modern China and the creation of competitive products on the world market are directly related to the allocation of significant funds to research and development work by the country’s government. It was established that the large-scale strengthening of China’s cybersecurity, support for domestic technological solutions, and the development of digital infrastructure are key components of a strategy aimed at achieving technological independence, including advancements in fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and 5G networks. The emergence of DeepSee k’s achievements alongside other Chinese initiatives reflects a profound transformation in China’s IT sector and reinforces the foundations of technonationalism. Understanding the origins of Chinese technological nationalism indicates that it stems from the historical trajectory of the Chinese people, their aspirations for national prosperity and the transformations driven by globalization. Conclusion. State support enabled Chinese companies to actively penetrate global markets, creating competition for American tech giants and strengthening China’s position in the international technology race. This case study reveals key factors of Chinese technological nationalism, including public recognition of domestic companies as drivers of national development in the 21st century, the success of national competition in the context of globalization and the phenomenon of national resentment stemming from the country’s technological backwardness in the modern and contemporary eras. The research materials may be valuable to specialists in modern area studies, political science, and cultural anthropology.

About the Authors

Zhang Jingkai
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Russian Federation

Zhang Jinkai, PhD student

Saint Petersburg



Liudmila V. Lbova
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University; Higher School of International Relations, Institute of Humanities
Russian Federation

Liudmila V. Lbova, Doctor of Science (History), Professor

Saint Petersburg



References

1. Bell, D. The Coming of Post-Industrial Society. A Ventura at Social forecasting. New York, Basic Books, 1973. 507 p.

2. Cantwell, J. The Globalisation of Technology: What Remains of the Product Cycle Model? // Cambridge Journal of Economics. 1995. Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 155–174.

3. Chichilimov, S. V. To the question of the factors of growth of the Chinese economy at the present stage // Society: Politics, Economics, Law. 2021. No. 11. P. 51–56. DOI: 10.24158/pep.2021.11.6 = Чичилимов С. В. К вопросу о факторах роста китайской экономики на современном этапе // Общество: политика, экономика, право. 2021. № 11. С. 51–56 (In Rus.). DOI: 10.24158/pep.2021.11.6.

4. Gerth, K. 制造中: 消费文化与民族国家的创建. 黄振萍. 北京大学出版社. 2007;442 = Gerth K. China Made: Consumer Culture and the Creation of the Nation / transl. by Huang Zhenping. Peking University Press, 2007. 442 p. (In Chinese).

5. Godley, A., Buckley, T., Joseph, M. Techno-Nationalism and Capability Development in the Global Pharmaceuticals Industry, 1918–1970 // Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan. 2025. Vol. 8, No. 2. P. 155–171. DOI: 10.1057/s42214-025-00210-0.

6. Gross, D. P., Sampat, B. N. America, Jump-Started: World War II R&D and the Takeoff of the US Innovation System // American Economic Review. 2023. Vol. 113, No. 12. P. 3323–3356. DOI: 10.1257/aer.20221365.

7. Jinkai, Zhang. China and Russia: International Law and Cybersecurity (Issues, Reflections and Countermeasures) // Russia in the Global World. 2025. Vol. 28, No. 2. P. 144–161. DOI: 10.48612/rg/RGW.28.2.11 = Чжан Цзинькай. Китай и Россия: международное право и кибербезопасность (проблемы, размышления и контрмеры) // Россия в глобальном мире. 2025. Т. 28, № 2. С. 144–161 (In Rus.). DOI: 10.48612/rg/RGW.28.2.11.

8. Kim, S., Hart, J. A. The Global Political Economy of Wintelism: A New Mode of Power and Governance in the Global Computer Industry. In book: Information Technologies and Global Politics, Chapter: 6 / ed. by. J. N. Rosenau, J. P. Singh. SUNY Press, 2002. P. 141–144.

9. Lynn, L., Salzman, H. Techno-Nationalism or Building a Global Science and Technology Commons? (But What about China?) // Global Policy. 2023. No. 14. P. 832–846. DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13258.

10. Nakayama, S. Techno-Nationalism Versus Techno-Globalism // East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal. 2012. Vol. 6, No. 1. P. 9–15. DOI: 10.1215/18752160-1504708.

11. Reich, R. B. The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st-Century. New York : Knopf Publishing, 1991. 331 p.

12. Zúñiga, N., Burton, S. D., Blancato, F., Carr, M. The Geopolitics of Technology Standards: Historical Context for US, EU and Chinese Approaches // International Affairs. 2024. Vol. 100. No. 4. P. 1635–1652. DOI: 10.1093/ia/iiae124.

13. 埃里·凯杜里. 民族主义. 张明明译. 中央编译出版社. 2002;150 = Eli, Ke Dou Lie. Nationalism / transl. by Zhang Mingming. Central Compilation and Translation Press, 2002. 150 p. (In Chinese).

14. 蔡翠. 超竞争环境下的全球技术战略布局和角逐特点. 人民论坛. 2025;(02):15-20 = Cai, Cui. Global Technology Strategic Layout and Competition Characteristics in a Hyper-Competitive Environment // People’s Forum. 2025. No. 2. P. 15–20. URL: https://cas.fudan.edu.cn/info/1033/21463.htm (accessed: 12.06.2025) (In Chinese).

15. 哈布瓦赫. 论集体记忆. 毕然,郭金华. 上海人民出版社. 2002; 435 = A Buva, He. On Collective Memory / transl. by Bi Ran and Guo Jinhua. Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2002. 435 p. (In Chinese).

16. 姜奇平. 新技术民族主义” 将兴起 — 技术强国路线图分析之. 互联网周刊. 2004; (20):58-59 = Jiang, Qiping. “New Technological Nationalism” Will Rise — Analysis of the Roadmap for Becoming a Technologically Powerful Nation // Internet Weekly. 2004. No. 20. P. 58–59 (In Chinese).

17. 李峥. 全球新一轮技术民族主义及其影响. 现代国际关系. 2021;(3):31-39 = Li, Zheng. A New Round of Global Technological Nationalism and Its Impact // Modern International Relations. 2021. No. 3. P. 31–39. URL: https://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=7104489515 (In Chinese).

18. 梁启超. 国家思想变迁异同论-饮冰室合集文集之六. 中华书局. 1936; 92-93 = Liang, Qichao. On the Similarities and Differences in the Changes of National Thought. Yinbingshi Collection. Vol. 6. Zhonghua Book Company, 1936. P. 92–93 (In Chinese).

19. 刘国柱. 特朗普政府技术民族主义论析. 美国研究. 2020;(4):46-48 = Liu, Guozhu. Analysis of Trump Administration’s Techno-Nationalism // American Studies. 2020. No. 4. P. 46–48 (In Chinese).

20. 乔楠, 鲁义轩. TD-SCDMA3标准的诞生. 通信世界. 2006.10:40-42 = Qiao, Nan, Lu, Yixuan. The Birth of the TD-SCDMA3 Standard // Communications World. 2006. No. 10. P. 40–42 (In Chinese).

21. 萨克斯, 刘戈宏.全球化:以技术划分的世界新格局. 国外社会科学文摘. 2000;(10):28-31 = Sachs, Liu Gehong. Globalization: A new world structure divided by technology // Foreign Social Science Abstracts. 2000. No. 10. P. 28–31 (In Chinese).

22. 沈成飞, 郭文亮. 对外和平与对内认同 - 当代中国民族主义发展流变与理性塑造. 教学与研究. 2015;(2):80-88 = Shen, Chengfei, Guo, Wenliang. External Peace and Internal Identity: The Development and Rational Shaping of Contemporary Chinese Nationalism // Teaching and Research. 2015. No. 2. P. 80–88 (In Chinese).

23. 宋新伟. 民族主义在中国的嬗变. 社会科学文献出版社. 2010;373 = Song, Xin Wei. The Evolution of Nationalism in China. Social Sciences Academic Press, 2010. 373 p. (In Chinese).

24. 孙黎. 技术民族主义的破产. IT经理世界. 2009; (13): 94-96 = Su, Li. The Bankruptcy of Technological Nationalism // IT Manager World. 2009. No. 13. P. 94–96 (In Chinese).

25. 陶文昭. 技术民族主义与中国的自主创新. 高校理论战线. 2006;(05):43-48 = Tao, Wenzhao. Technological Nationalism and China’s Independent Innovation // Journal of Higher Education Theory. 2006. No. 5. P. 43–48 (In Chinese).

26. 王家庭. “以市场换技术” 还能走多远? 国经贸导刊. 1998;(17):296-307 = Wang, Jiatong. How far can “trading market for technology” go? // National Economic and Trade Guide. 1998. No. 17. P. 296–307 (In Chinese).

27. 王稳, 仲鑫,马光明. “新技术民族主义”还是“技术霸权主义”. 国际商务 (对外经济贸易大学学 报). 2006;040:5-9 = Wang, Wen, Zhong, Xin, Ma, Guangming. “New Technological Nationalism” or “Technological Hegemonism” // International Business (Journal of University of International Business and Economics). 2006. No. 40. P. 5–9. URL: https://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=22369837 (accessed: 12.06.2025) (In Chinese).

28. 王玉柱. 发展阶段、技术民族主义与全球化格局调整 – 兼论大国政治驱动的新区域主义.世界经 济与政治. 2020;(11):136-155 = Wang, Yuzhu. Development Stage, Technological Nationalism and Adjustment of Globalization Pattern — On New Regionalism Driven by Great Power Politics // World Economy and Politics. 2020. No. 11. P. 136–155 (In Chinese).

29. 徐杰舜. “铸牢中华民族共同体意识” 理论的内涵与学术支撑. 湖北民族学院学报(哲学社会科学 版). 2020;(04):77-86 = Xu, Jieshun. The Connotation and Academic Support of the Theory of “Forging a Strong Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation” // Journal of Hubei University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Sciences). 2020. No. 4. P. 77–86 (In Chinese).

30. 杨莉, 吴宗铖. 马克思主义科技观在中国的承续研究. 九州出版社. 2022; 260. = Yang, Li, Wu, Zongcheng. A Study on the Continuation of Marxist Views on Science and Technology in China. Jiuzhou Publishing House, 2022. 260 p. (In Chinese).

31. 翟东升. 中国为什么有前途(第3版). 机械工业出版社. 2019;335 = Zhai, Dongsheng. Why China Has a Future (3rd Edition). China Machinery Industry Press, 2019. 335 p. (In Chinese).


Review

For citations:


Jingkai Zh., Lbova L.V. DeepSeek (AI) within the Framework of Chinese Technological Nationalism. EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics. 2025;19(3):123-136. (In Russ.) EDN: ARSXSA

Views: 675


ISSN 2073-2929 (Print)