Сербско-китайское всестороннее стратегическое партнерство как внешнеполитическая парадигма «Нового Шелкового пути»

Современные международные отношения между Сербией и Китаем обусловлены многочисленными факторами политического, экономического, социального и культурного характера. Хотя эти факторы реально указывают на неравенство между двумя странами по многим позициям, это не должно быть серьезным препятствием для развития хороших и дружеских связей во многих областях. Это связано прежде всего с тем, что в историческом и международно-правовом контексте отношения между двумя странами характеризуются определенной преемственностью, что проявляется в постепенном развитии дипломатических контактов, установленных в 1955 г. между Социалистической Федеративной Республикой Югославией и Китайской Народной Республикой. Республика Сербия, будучи одним из государств-преемников Социалистической Федеративной Республики Югославии, рассматривает Китайскую Народную Республику как одного из своих важнейших партнеров и «столпов» внешней политики наряду с Европейским союзом, Россией и США. Сербия действительно хочет подчеркнуть, что Китай, как великая держава, является для нее ключевым игроком в мировой политике. Еще в июне 2016 г. главами двух государств (Томиславом Николичом и Си Цзиньпином) было подписано соглашение о создании всеобъемлющего стратегического партнерства. Углубление сербско-китайских отношений на двустороннем и многостороннем уровнях (особенно в ООН, региональных международных организациях и политических форумах, таких как механизм сотрудничества «17 + 1» между Китаем и странами Центральной, Восточной и Юго-Восточной Европы) является следствием ускоренного развития мировой экономики в контексте «Нового Шелкового пути» Китая и инициативы «Один пояс — один путь» (ОПОП), которые реально представляют собой новую парадигму международных отношений.

1. “Action Plan for Harmonisation of Standards along the Belt and Road (2015–2017)“, National Development and Reform Commission, 22 October 2015, Accessed on 4 June February 2016, retrieved from: http://chinatraderesearch.hktdc.com/business-ews/article/One-Belt-One-Road/Action-Plan-for-Harmonisation-ofStandards-Along-the-Belt-and-Road-2015-2017/obor/en/1/1X000000/1X0A443L.htm, 08.03.2016.

2. “Agreement (with exchange of notes) on trade and intercourse between Tibet Region of China and India”, United Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 29.

3. Almond, R. G., “Deciphering U.S. Foreign Policy in the Trump Era“, The Diplomat, 18 January 2018, retrieved from: https://thediplomat.com/2018/01/deciphering-u-s-foreign-policy-in-the-trump-era/ 18.01.2018.

4. Babić, B., “New Silk Road – China’s New deal”, in: Dimitrijević Duško (ed.), Danube and the New Silk Road”, Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade, 2016.

5. Bhutia, T. C., “Tibet, Taiwan and China — A Complex Nexus“, The Diplomat, 24 November 2015, Retrieved fromt: http://thediplomat.com/2015/11/tibet-taiwan-and-china-a-complex-nexus/

6. Buzan, B., The United States and the Great Powers, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2004.

7. Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Serbia, Economy of Serbia, 2019, retrieved from: https://api.pks.rs/storage/assets/KINA.pdf, 19.10. 2019.

8. “China’s Initiation of the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-Existence“, Ministry of Foreign Affairs PR of China, retrieved from: http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/3602_665543/3604_665547/t18053.shtml, 27.09.2018.

9. “Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People’s Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census (No. 1),. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 28 April 2011.

10. “Constitution of the People’s Republic of China”, retrieved from: http://english.gov.cn/archive/laws_regulations/2014/08/23/content_281474982987458.htm 17.10.2018.

11. Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, Official Gazette, no. 98/2006. (In Serbian)

12. China and Serbia — Strategic Partnership and 21 more agreements), Tanjug, 18 June 2016, retrieved from: http://www.tanjug.rs/full-view.aspx?item=270618&izb=252463&v=252463, 29.09.2016.

13. “Central Committee’s Decision on Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms”, Xinhua, November 15, 2013.

14. „“China Focus: China Sketches out Priorities of ‘Belt and Road’ initiatives”, Xinhua, February 14, 2015.

15. Darlington, R.,“A Short Guide to the Chinese Political System”, Internet: http://www.rogerdarlington.me.uk/Chinesepoliticalsystem 27.09.2018.

16. “Deciphering China’s latest defence budget figures“, SIPRI, March 2014.

17. Dimitrijević, D., “Chinese Investment in Serbia-joint Pledge for the Future of the New Silk Road“, Baltic Journal of European Studies, 2017, vol. 7, no. 1 (22).

18. Dimitrijević, D., “China’s New Silk Road: the Opportunity for Peaceful World Development”, in: Sergei Chizhikov, Andrei Dmitirev, Boris Kabylinski (Edit.), Development of Trade in Modern World: Inovation and Challenges, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, North West Institute of Management, Publishing House NWIM, Saint Petersburg, 2018.

19. Dimitrijević, D., United Nations Interim Administration in Kosovo and Metohija and protection of property rights, Teme, Niš, 2007, no. 3. (In Serbian)

20. Dimitrijević, D., Jokanović, N., “China’s ‘New Silk Road’ Development Strategy“, Review of International Affairs, 2016, no. 1161.

21. Dimitrijević, D., Vučić, M., Lađevac, I., “An Analysis of Actions Taken under the UN System to Address Kosovo and Metohija Issues”, International Problems, 2012, Vol. LXIV, no. 4. (In Serbian)

22. Escobar, P., ‘The 21st century belongs to China: Why the new Silk Road threatens to end America’s economic dominance’, 2015, retrieved from: http://www.salon.com/2015/02/24/the_21st_century_belongs_to_china_why_the_new_silk_road_threatens_to_end_americas_economic_dominance_partner/, 24.02.2017.

23. “Foreign Relations of China“, Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China, 30.12.2018.

24. Gleni, M., Miša Gleni, Balkan (1804–1999), Nationalism, War and the Great Powers, Samizdat B92, Belgrade, 2001. (In Serbian)

25. Heath, R., Gunness, K., Cooper, C.A., “The PLA and China’s Rejuvenation: National Security and Military Strategies, Deterrence, Concepts, and Cobat Capabilities”, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, 2016.

26. Hongyuan, L., Yun, G., Qifa, S., China’s Road, Huangshan Publishing House, 2012.

27. Hongjun, Yu., “Sincere Dialogue for Conductive Cooperation”, in: The Changing World and China in Development, Papers from: “The Contemporary World Multilateral Dialogue”, China Centre for Contemporary World Studies, China Foundation for Peace and Development, Beijing, 2013.

28. “Joint Statement by the Republic of Serbia and the People's Republic of China on the Establishment of a Strategic Partnership”, Beijing, 20 August 2009, retrieved from: http://www.predsednik.rs/mwc/default.asp?c=304500&g=20090820103401&lng=cir&hs1=0, 11.10.2019. (In Serbian)

29. “Joint statement by the Republic of Serbia and the People's Republic of China on deepening the strategic partnership”, Beijing, 26 August 2013, retrieved from: http://www.predsednik.rs/mwc/default.asp?c=304500&g=20090820103401&lng=cir&hs1=0, 11.10.2019. (In Serbian)

30. Joint Declaration by the Republic of Serbia and the People's Republic of China on establishing a comprehensive strategic partnership, Belgrade, June 18, 2016, retrieved from: www.fmprc.gov.cn, 11.10.2019.

31. Keith, R. C., “China from the Inside Out: Fitting the People’s Republic into the World”, Pluto Press, London. 2009.

32. Kozomara, J., “Serbia in international production through global value chain”, in: Pero Petrović (ed.), Possibilities and perspectives for foreign direct investments in the Republic of Serbia, Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade, 2014.

33. Chinese miracle in Serbia, investments of close to $ 10 billion, Politika, retrieved from: http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/419657/Kinesko-cudo-u-Srbiji-investicije-od-blizu-10-milijardi-dolara, 10.01.2019.

34. Law on the budget of the Republic of Serbia for 2019, Official Gazette no. 95/2018, 72/2019. (In Serbian)

35. Law on Foreign Affairs, Official Gazette, no. 116/07, 126/07, 41/09. (In Serbian)

36. Law on Foreign Investments, Official Gazett e, no. 107/14. (In Serbian)

37. “2019 China Military Strength: Current military capabilities and available firepower for the nation of China”, retrieved from: https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=china. 22.10.2019.

38. Mitrović, D., “Models for deepening cooperation with the People’s Republic of China and the countries of Central and East Asia “, in: Edita Stojic-Karanovic and Slobodan Jankovic (eds.), Elements of the Fo reign Policy Strategy of Serbia, Institute for International Politics and Economics, Belgrade, 2008.

39. National Security Strategy of the USA, White House, Washington D. C., December 2017.

40. From the four pillars of foreign policy to European integration — is there a will to strategically focus Serbia’s foreign policy? Isac Fund, Belgrade, 2013. (In Serbian)

41. Petrović Piroćanac, Z., “The World and a Chinese Non-alignment Strategy of Governance and Development-Brief Survey”, In: Global Trends and China in the Coming Decade, Papers from: “Contemporary World Multilateral Dialogue 2013, China Centre for Contemporary World Studies, China Foundation for Peace and Development, China Energy Fund Committee.

42. “Peaceful coexistence a cornerstone of foreign policy“, China Daily, 28.05.2014, retrieved from: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/kindle/2014-05/28/content_17547189.htm, 7.09.2018.

43. “Premier Li Keqiang Attends the 16th ASEAN-China Summit, Stressing to Push for Wide-ranging, Indepth, High-level, All-dimensional Cooperation between China and ASEAN and Continue to Write New Chapter of Bilateral Relations”, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC”, retrieved from: http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/lkqzlcxdyldrxlhy_665684/t1088098.shtml 10.10.2013.

44. “Promote Friendship between Our People and Jointly Build Silk Road Economic Belt“, People’s Daily, September 8, 2013.

45. Putten, Frans-Paul, Shulong, C. (edit.), China, Europe and International Security: Interests, Roles, and Prospects, Routledge, London-New York, 2011.

46. “Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: China”, World Economic Outlook, International Monetary Fund. 2019, retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/CHN 22.10.2019.

47. “Report on China’s Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (2000–2015)”, Ministry of Foreign Affairs PR of China, July, 2015.

48. “Resolution of the National Assembly of Serbia on the Protection of the Sovereignty, Territorial Integrity and Constitutional Order of the Republic of Serbia”, Official Gazette, no. 125/07.

49. Serbian Statistical Office Data, retrieved from: http://data.stat.gov.rs/?caller=SDDB&languageCode=enUS , 19.10. 2019.

50. Swaine, M. D., “The 19th Party Congress and Chinese Foreign Policy”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, retrieved from: http://carnegieendowment.org/2017/10/16/19th-party-congress-and-chineseforeignpolicy-pub-73432, 16.01.2019.

51. Šehić, D., Šehić, D., Bertić, I., Atlas of Asia, Monde Neuf, Politika, Belgrade 2007. (In Serbian)

52. Tiezzi, S., “China’s ʻNew Silk Roadʼ Vision Revealed”, The Diplomat, 9 May 2014, retrieved from: http://thediplomat.com/2014/05/chinas-new-silk-road-vision-revealed/, 8.03.2016.

53. Trud, A., Geopolitics of Serbia, Official Gazette, Belgrade, 2007. (In Serbian)

54. “The 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the Peoples Republic of China (2016– 2020)“, Compilation and Translation Bureau, Central Committee of Communist Party of China, Beijing, 2016.

55. “Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, UN GA Res/A/70/L.1.

56. “United Nations Millennium Declaration”, General Assembly Resolution 55/2, para. 30.

57. “Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road”, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, 28 March 2015, Retrieved from: http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/newsrelease/201503/t20150330_669367.html . 08.03.2016.

58. “World Population Prospects: the 2019 Revision“, Data Booklet, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, New York, 2019.

59. World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019, International Monetary Fond, retreived from: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=40&pr.y=13&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=942&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a=, 22.10.2019.

60. Yang, J., “China Security C hallenges: Priorities and Policy Implications“, Asia Pacific Countries’ Security Outlook and Its Implications for the Defense Sector, Joint Research Series no. 5, National Institute for Defense Studies (NIDS), Tokyo, 2010.

61. Zepp-LaRouche, H., “The New Silk Road Leads to the Future of Mankind!”, In: The New Silk Road becomes the World Land-Bridge, EIR News Service Inc., Washington, 2015.

62. Zuokui, L., “The Role of Central and Eastern Europe in the Building of Silk Road Economic Belt”, China Institute of International Studies, 2014, retrieved from: http://16plus1-thinktank.com/1/20160111/1096. html, 05.06.2016.