The “Freedom Fourth” of Integration as a Factor of EAEU Maturity.

Bishkek Declaration of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’s Heads of State Council.

The article is based on the results of the monitoring sociological research (2010–2016) and considers the subjective assessment by citizens of their rights and freedoms protection on the example of a particular constituent of the Russian Federation — the Astrakhan region. Analysis of the dynamics of rights and freedoms protection indices indicates the deterioration of the legal space in the region in recent years. There has been an increase in the intensity and success of protection for a number of rights and freedoms. But this increase in protection in a given time interval is not comparable to an increase in the violation of rights and freedoms and a decrease in the intensity of their protection. The rating of the rights and freedoms protection of Astrakhan citizens (in descending order) is as follows: the right to emigration, freedom of speech, the right to education and training, the right to private property, the right of people to their own language and culture, freedom of Association, groups, unions, the right to security and protection of the individual, the right to privacy of personal correspondence, the right to work, freedom of choice of religion (religious freedom) and freedom of conscience, the right to equality before the law. The population of the region increasingly refl ects violations of rights and freedoms, the need to protect them. On the one hand, this shows an increase in the legal consciousness of citizens, on the other hand, may indicate a deterioration in the social situation in the region. Thus the results of the study reveal the need to transform the system of protection of the citizens’ rights and freedoms.

The article considers the possibility of applying a competitive cooperative strategy (coopetition) to improve the effi ciency of governability. The coopetition strategy in this case is considered to be based on the blockchain technology. To achieve this goal, various approaches to governability, the coopetition strategy, as well as the applicability of the blockchain technology as a basis for the practical implementation of this strategy are analyzed. A new institutionalism is used as a methodology, and game theory methods are used. In this paper, an analysis of competitive and cooperative strategy and technology of blockchain was carried out in order to identify their applicability to improve the effi ciency of governability. As a result, factors have been identifi ed that prove the positive impact of the competitive-cooperative strategy based on the blockchain on the effectiveness of governability, as well as factors at this stage of the study that do not guarantee the full applicability of the above strategy in solving the tasks of political governance.

Integration justice is the result of supranational courts work in the framework of states’ regional economic unions. The resolution of disputes between states, supranational institutions and economic entities in the framework of the common market of South American countries (Mercosur) and the Andean community is of considerable interest in terms of comparative analysis of similar practices in the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. The international integration practice has shown that the legal force, binding nature and direct action of decisions of supranational courts are necessary to bring the national legal systems of the member states of integration associations to a harmonized rule of law.

The article is devoted to the problems of the digital state, its role in modern society. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that at present, in the context of economic integration and digital revolution, the society, which consists of consumers of goods, suppliers, employees of state structures, participants in trade relations, logistics operators and others, is showing great interest in informational technology. Considering current trends of technological development, the XXI century is characterized as the «Age of digital technologies». Digital technologies are rapidly being implemented in all spheres of human life. The modern «digital state» eliminates intermediaries and moves to direct transactions with consumers. The transformation of the new «digital state» will provide easy and quick access to the data of society, also will provide new living conditions for its citizens and improve the efficiency of state structures and business. It seems that in such a state digitalization of documents throughout the state apparatus will be implemented, as well as electronic platforms, through which the government will interact with the civilian population. By using informational technology, people will be able to introduce a new service in the management of the state apparatus, and in this way it will facilitate significant problems with the volume of work of civil personnel, as well as provide economic productivity of the e-government digital state.

The article considers the essence and content of information security based on a phenomenological analysis of emerging social relations in the context of “explosive informatization”. Based on the principle of “security through development”, the results of a comparative legal study of legislative innovations in the field of information and legal transformation of Belarus and Russia are presented. The strategic directions of further legal regulation are determined, ensuring the anticipation of new risks and challenges.

The present article considers the current rate of shadow economic activity in the Russian Federation, its causes and factors determining its development. The comparison of changes in indicators of the shadow economy with macroeconomic indicators is given. Conclusions are drawn concerning the causes determining the shadow economic activity and features of this activity in the territory of the Russian Federation.

The current state, problems and prospects of cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic are considered in relation to the problems of connecting the Eurasian partnership with the “One Belt, One Way” initiative put forward by the leadership of China and supported by a number of European and Asian states.

Modern technologies, changing a habitual picture of the world and perception of reality, lead to cardinal changes in all spheres of society activity, including military science. There are new forms and ways of conducting combat operations that led to forthcoming of hybrid wars based on diplomatic, economic, military and information infl uence. The article describes defi nitions of hybrid wars and infl uence on their carrying out such technologies as the posttruth and “fake news”. The analysis of the Hybrid Wars Strategy approved by the NATO countries and adopted as a basis for control of Russia and also the concept of hybrid threats as the tool used for causing damage to the state or the coalition of the states without direct or limited use of military force has been carried out. Forms and ways of control and practice of realization of NATO Hybrid Wars Strategy against Russia have been considered.

The article deals with the system of strategic communications between Russia and China. Four levels of communication have been analyzed: communication between the senior management of states; communication of business communities; multilateral institutional communication; socio-humanitarian communication. The theoretical relationship between the existing strategic communications and the construction of the information security system of Greater Eurasia is outlined.

The article reveals the causes and circumstances of the Russian-Turkish transaction on S-400 anti-aircraft missile system as well as its influence on the current state and prospects of Turkey — the United States relations. The focus is on the expression of the growing conflict of interest and irreconcilability of the two states, on the controversial character of the discussion in the Turkish and the worldwide media about the Turkish-American cooperation in the context of the oncoming deployment of the Russian anti-aircraft air defense missile system in the Turkish territory. At the same time, this article discusses the influence of the C-400 factor on the nature of trade, economic and military relations between Turkey and the United States, including the American F-35 project, the rapprochement between Turkish and Russian positions in understanding and solving of fundamental problems of regional and global security, prospects of cooperation between Russia and Turkey and the unity and geopolitical role of NATO.

A set of measures to implement the Minsk agreement (February 12, 2015).

Declaration by the President of the Russian Federation, the President of the Ukraine, the President of the French Republic and the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany in support of the “Package of Measures for the Implementation of the Minsk Agreements” adopted on February 12, 2015 in Minsk

Qingdao Declaration of the Council of Heads of State of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.