The article traces the evolution of the Eurasian idea, starting from the initial stage of its formation, in the context of comparing it with the implementation of the Soviet project in the pre-war years on the basis of the first three five-year plans for socialist construction. Attempts to formalize the theoretical status of the Eurasian civilization were formed on the basis of ideas about “Russia–Eurasia” as a cultural personality, about the Eurasian state, often comparing these constructions with the real achievements of socialist construction and confidently declaring the Eurasian world order within Russia–Eurasia in the future.

The article argues that Russia as a “Eurasian civilization”, precisely as a “Eurasian” one, is the only civilization in the world. In the process of civilizational-Eurasian genesis, the historical synthesis of the “Western” (European) and “Eastern” (Asian) principles, expressed in its special value genome, is performed in it. Due to the “cold” climate in the Eurasian territory occupied by Russia, it is the highest energy-cost civilization and, therefore, — a civilization with the dominant role of the cooperation law. The Russian people, due to the peculiarity of their value aspirations, which F. M. Dostoevsky defined as “all-humanity”, became the founder of Russian civilization and the bearer of polyethnic cooperation (the Russian super-ethnos according to L. N. Gumilyov). As a “civilization of the Truth”, Russia is called upon to become a leader in the implementation of the noospheric strategy of mankind ecological survival, outside of which ecological destruction awaits them in the 21st century.

The significance of the Great Silk Road is interesting not only by its history, but by the knowledge, required for the better understanding of the current economic and political realities as well. The introduction of the new insights into the essence of the Eurasian trade route, its emergence and destruction studied under the projection on the contemporary processes, undermining the global supply chain represents the main idea of the given research. In the article, the Great Silk Road is represented in the logistics framework: generation of the freight flows, peculiarity of their material composition, the pathway trajectory architecture, creation of the necessary infrastructure. The significance of the spatial peculiarity, natural preconditions and advanced technologies for the freight generation, the international trade development and the Eurasian civilization emergence is emphasized. The paper reveals special logistic characteristics of silk as the initial chain in the ancient trade as well as the distinctive characteristics of transportation mode and freight. The political stability plays a significant role in the risk reduction for the freight turnover and for functioning of the international transportation system in general. The endogenous and exogenous reasons for the Great Silk Road breakdown are related with the increasing trade deficit between the East and West, the import substitution policy accepted by the European countries and increasing protectionism in their external trade relations. Exploring the Great Silk Road downfall, the author concludes about the contemporary global supply chain disruption causes, emphasizing the negative impact of the economic and political influence. The US-China trade war destroys the international trade. The COVID-19 pandemic tends the business localization. Ecological threats provide new requirements to the freight flows. The “pull strategy”, practiced by the logistic companies is steadily replacing by the “push strategy”. Moreover, China has been reducing investments into the trans-Eurasian project. That kind of instability could lead to a deep transformation of the international transportation systems as well as the system of the international relations in general. Russia should consider those new realities carefully when scheduling its international division of labour strategy.

The relevance of the selected topic of the article is due to the fact that the coronavirus pandemic and the imposed restrictive measures associated with it, which have swept the entire planet, affects all national economies and, accordingly, the integration groups that include these states. The EAEU is no exception. The Eurasian Economic Union was created with the aim of strengthening the national economies and the potential of the member states in the global economy, in which four freedoms operate: the movement of goods, services, finance and labor. Its appearance occurred during the period of global economic instability and geopolitical changes in Eurasia, which affected the situation within the EAEU.

The purpose of this article is to study trade and economic relations between the EAEU countries during the COVID-2019 pandemic. Achievement of the goal set in the work was performed based on the application of general scientific methods within the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis.

The results of the research performed in the article are based on the analysis of statistical information on foreign trade within the integration group, as well as on data on the prevailing trends in foreign economic relations between countries in non-trade spheres.

It was concluded that in the context of the COVID-2019 pandemic, the growth rates slowed down, and the intensity of the countries’ foreign economic relations decreased significantly, which aggravates the negative trends in the decrease in the integration ties strength and the increase in contradictions between countries even before the start of the pandemic. The prospects for the recovery and further development of the EAEU member states’ economies are largely associated with the influence of external factors. The macroeconomic forecast for the states of the region critically depends on the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic course. An important factor is that each of the states in the region is in a unique epidemiological situation, which also makes it difficult to assess both the quarantine measures duration and the economic consequences depth of the imposed restrictions.

Nevertheless, it is obvious that the EAEU countries intend to continue working towards a joint response to the threat of coronavirus infection. It should be borne in mind that the nature of such interaction will have certain limits associated with the current level of integration.

New technologies of voters’ biometric data registration evidence the election organizers’ desire to strengthen the democratic foundations of the citizens’ will and increase public confidence in electoral innovations related to the integration of modern achievements of the digital economy in the electoral process practice. In this regard, the question of applying the potential of the new economic order in the direction of rapid and more accurate determination of the true number of citizens with active suffrage naturally arises. Based on the above, it seems necessary to conduct a special research on the experience of several countries that have reached a particular result in the solution of the stated objectives and above all the experience of the Kyrgyz Republic in the sphere of legal fixation technology of citizens biometric registration.

The article discusses issues related to the settlement of disputes within the framework of the World Trade Organization, as well as assesses the advantages and disadvantages of this system. The specific problems of the dispute settlement system functioning today are considered, and options for optimizing the dispute resolution mechanism and various ways to improve the effectiveness of legal remedies in cases of non-compliance with decisions are proposed. Special attention is paid to the latest topical disputes involving the Russian Federation, the European Union, Ukraine, China and USA resolved within the framework of the World Tr ade Organization, as well as to the crisis faced by the organization due to the absence of a permanent appeals body.

The article reveals the problems that arise during the integration of migrants in St. Petersburg in the context of the coronavirus epidemic, displays the technologies for their analysis and resolution. Based on the results of surveys and interviews, it was concluded that with a drop in migration growth, along with active changes in the social environment of the city during the year, difficulties in adapting immigrant groups to the realities of emotional tension, work in the city became more attractive for the immigrant population due to the appearance of previously employed vacancies and new models of personal activity.

This work is devoted to the analysis of the evolution priorities and features of the policy declared by Russia in relation to the CIS countries, in particular to the countries of the Central Asian region. Regional policy is important from the viewpoint of building the relationship of a state with a certain region for the realization of its national interests. The article was written using general scientific research methods and methods of political analysis. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that the countries of the Central Asian region occupy a significant place in the Russia’s foreign policy, but there is no clear strategy in relation to the countries of the analyzed region. As for the priorities of Russia’s foreign policy in the countries of Central Asia, they directly depend on the growing importance of the region for the key powers of the world community, especially in terms of energy and security.

The article is devoted to the role of the identity factor in the Bulgarian-Macedonian relations. The main controversial issues acute in the period 1991–2021 are the question of the independence of the Macedonian language and the question of the “starting point” of Macedonian history. The foreign policy of the Macedonian republic is investigated in the context of Balkan states` striving for Euro- Atlantic integration. An important part of the study is analyzing the problems of the European Union enlargement to the south-east.

As a result of the research, the author comes to several conclusions: Sofia’s opposition to Skopje’s accession to the EU has a solid economic implication; relations with the Bulgarian state have always been of key importance for the Macedonian republic, regardless of plans to join NATO and the EU, since touched upon the key issues of self-determination of the Macedonian people; the rhetoric of the Bulgarian side has a certain tendency to revise the role of Bulgaria in the Second World War, which is categorically unacceptable for the EU member states seeking to withdraw the historical agenda from the negotiation process on the Republic of North Macedonia’s accession to the European Union.

The formation of local self-government in the post-Soviet space takes place in difficult economic and political conditions under the influence of various, often directed in the opposite way, factors. For Russia, the experience of forming a new institution for all post-Soviet states is of significant practical importance since it faces many difficulties in its course. Within the framework of the invariant of the transition from centralized management to decentralization, the variant of this process in the Central Asian countries is more relevant for our country since it is carried out under conditions largely similar to those in Russia. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to highlight the key historical, economic and political factors of local self-government formation in the Central Asian states in order to deepen the understanding of the ways and possibilities of creating a sufficiently autonomous local level of public power in systems that have long operated within the framework of strict centralization and seek to form a new organizational structure and use new management mechanisms and tools to improve the efficiency of the process and achieve the main systemic goal of the modern state – improving the quality of life in the country. The relevance of the study of these processes is beyond doubt due to the need to understand the role and place of self-government in the structure of public power in accordance with the amendments made in 2020 to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The study of options for local-level opportunities in a comparative perspective when analyzing public authorities in Central Asian countries also opens the way to new solutions to Russian problems.

The article presents a brief analysis of the legal acts of the Republic of Belarus on the participation of citizens in the discussion and solution of local affairs and the practice of their application, as well as the results of the implementation of a number of projects of international technical assistance in this area. Citizen participation in decision-making is one of the key tools for increasing public confidence in state institutions at all levels of government, reducing the level of social tension and the risk of conflict situations in the modern society. The state acquires an additional opportunity to raise its awareness of the problems, needs and expectations of the population, as well as maximize the involvement of the potential of individual citizens and civil society as a whole by enabling citizens to participate in discussions and decision-making.

The article of the authors is devoted to increasing the professionalism and responsibility of local selfgovernment bodies in the Kyrgyz Republic. In the context of deepening socio-economic reform, the role of local self-government bodies is growing. Over time, it becomes more and more obvious that our society will not be able to cope with the existing numerous problems if there is no effective activity and responsibility of local self-government bodies, the development of which is of great practical importance for the development of local communities and the state as a whole.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Serbia — EAEU relations development through the prism of the Agreement on the Free Trade Area (FTA) — between the integration association and the separate economy / country. The purpose of this study is to identify the prospects of the FTA taking into account Serbia’s desire to integrate into the European Union. The author come to the conclusion that intensive interaction, primarily between Serbia and Russia through the FTA between Serbia and the EAEU, is explained, on the one hand, by Serbia’s multi-vector foreign policy, and, on the other hand, by Russia’s attentive attitude to the course of the conflict over Kosovo. Russia has economic interests in this region, as well as the region is people-related value for Russia within which it has used and will intensively utilize of soft power mechanisms.

In this article, the author examines the problems of women’s participation in politics based on an analysis of the gender composition of the deputy corps of the State Duma of the VII convocation, and also compares their activity and effectiveness with male deputies on the basis of the rating “The coefficient of utility of State Duma deputies” compiled by the deputy club since 2017 d. The data of the integral rating, consisting of four indices, make it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the activities of female deputies and to identify the cause-and-effect relationships of this. The article also identifies the main trends in gender policy in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and compares the representation of women in government.