Aim. To identify the key problems of the formation of the Integral world economic order in the context of mastering the achievements of the sixth technological order and regulating global security.

Tasks. To identify the theoretical status of the Integral world economic order, the prospects for Russia to enter its rhythm of development and its inherent architectonics of global security.

Methods. Based on the calculated data of economic statistics, their theoretical understanding, a conceptual apparatus for studying the relationship between technological and world economic processes with the monitoring of global risks has been formed.

Results. The main characteristics of states corresponding to the Integral world economic order have been identified. An assessment of the dynamics of its development and the strategy of advanced development has been given. The need to include in the new scientific and technological picture of the world the ideas about the fundamental belonging of any complex systems of functions and structures that ensure not only their self-development, stability and reliability, but also ideas about the security of their existence, development and functioning has been substantiated.

Conclusions. The system of global and Eurasian security should be considered as an integral part of the international architecture of the Integral WES and its basis. Global — because it involves the creation of mechanisms that prevent the widespread spread of the “octopus” of hybrid war, and Eurasian — because the core of the Integral WES is being formed in the space of Greater Eurasia, or more precisely, in its eastern part. The Integral WES should be considered not only as a prototype of the polycentric world order, which was discussed above, but also as the created architectonics of its global security. In the new scientific and technological picture of the world, ideas are being formed about the fundamental belonging of any complexly organized systems of functions and structures that ensure not only their self-development, stability and reliability, but also ideas about the security of their existence, development and functioning. Thus, we inevitably approach the need to develop asfatronics as a theory of global security. The object of asfatronics is safety, defined in the ultimate sense as the absence of danger, unacceptable risk, and the subject is energy-information processes of safety, covering all levels of organization of biological, social and technical control systems (from nano- to macrolevel). The field of research of asfatronics is ecological, military, geopolitical, technogenic, economic, social, information-psychological, cognitive and other types of safety. Global safety should be considered not limited to environmental issues and international relations. It covers the whole variety of functions and structures of self-development, sustainability, reliability, safety of existence of bio-, socio-, cogno- and technosphere. In the context of the problems considered above, the structural sections of asfatronics should be global safety, ensuring the prevention of geopolitical, ecological, economic, social and technological risks arising in the process of formation of the Integral world economic structure based on nano-, bio-, info-, cogno- and social technologies.

Aim and tasks. To identify current trends and issues in foreign trade, the international financial system, and the investment activity of CIS member states, and to provide recommendations that contribute to sustainable economic development and strengthened mutual cooperation.

Methods. Utilized statistics from the external sectors of CIS economies from 2019 to 2023. Methods of aggregation, comparison, retrospective, and indicative analysis were applied to the data. Graphical representation of indicators allowed for visualization of key trends in the studied metrics, calculated from data provided by the Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS, the World Bank, UNCTAD, and the Brookings Institution.

Results. In recent years, the CIS has faced several global shocks that have affected the international economic relations of its members with each other and with third countries. Despite external destabilizing influences and geopolitical turbulence, CIS member states maintain resilience and a positive development trajectory, largely due to mutually beneficial cooperation with Russia — an essential economic partner. Russia holds a leading position in mutual trade with CIS countries, and the reorientation of Russian exports to “friendly” countries has stimulated regional trade turnover. The burden of external debt for CIS national economies is decreasing, and their debt stability and solvency are normalizing. Less positive situation is in direct investment flows, which remain unstable and unevenly distributed among countries.

Conclusions. In the context of individual national economies, it is fair to note that the complex geopolitical environment and unprecedented external economic pressures narrow opportunities for economic growth and sustainable development. However, this statement is not always true for interstate associations, and CIS member states are a prime example of this. Currently, during a challenging period that requires solidarity and mutual support from participants, the potential of this union can be fully realized. A thorough study of the issue can reveal numerous promising areas for mutually beneficial cooperation in trade, credit, and investment relations. It is necessary to eliminate integration barriers to transform the CIS into a powerful and influential international organization.

Aim. To analyze the labor market of young people in the Russian and Belarusian Union States and identify trends that affect the development of the labor market under the conditions of geopolitical challenges.

Tasks. Analyse the evolution of the main labour market indicators: number of workers, demand and supply of work, number of employees by age. To identify the potential and risks of developing the youth labor market in the Russian and Belarusian Union States, as well as to identify opportunities for cooperation in the context of geopolitical challenges.

Methods. In the process of research, the tasks were solved using general science methods — synthesis, analysis, generalization. Based on a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the development of the labor market in the Russian Federation and Belarus, an assessment of the potential and risks of the labor market for young people was carried out.

Results. Analysis of labor market indicators in the Russian and Belarusian Union States showed that, despite the decrease in youth unemployment, there is a shortage of workers in the labor market due to the annual decline in the number of employees in the economy of the 15–29 years old age group. This situation presents risks to the sustainable development of the economy. The potential of the youth labor market, expressed in the availability of digital competences and professional skills that are formed during the training phase in higher and secondary vocational institutions, has been identified. It was determined that an important element of the development of the youth labor market is a mechanism of cooperation, which allows to eliminate negative trends in the youth labor market in Russia and Belarus.

Conclusions. Considering the trends in the youth labor market in the Russian and Belarusian States, it is necessary to strengthen regulation of the social-labor relations segment with young people, ensuring self-realization and employment of young professionals, The demand for their skills at the beginning of working life by involving young people in various national projects that contribute to the realization of youth’s work potential.

Aim. The article is devoted to the argumentation of the role of the migration component of labor resources, identification of socio-economic consequences of labor migration and development of approaches to its regulation in the interaction between Russia and the Republic of Tajikistan.

Tasks. To study the role of Tajikistan in the formation and use of labor resources of Russia, to study the causes and consequences of the transformation of migration processes in the Republic of Tajikistan, to substantiate the prospects for the development of the migration component of interaction between Russia and the Republic of Tajikistan.

Methods. The study used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparisons and groupings, economic and statistical analysis, evolutionary and historical approaches; used the legislative base and generalized literature sources on the topic of the study.

Results. The study revealed a significant role of migration processes in the formation and use of labor resources, as evidenced by the average annual changes in this indicator calculated by the authors for more than a decade. The relevance of the study of the migration component of interaction between Russia and the Republic of Tajikistan is confirmed by its high share in the total migration flow. The article substantiates a set of factors affecting the migration component of labor resources. The main ones include: multipolarity, confirmed by the creation of interstate associations such as BRICS; changes in migration legislation regulating the activities of migrants, both in the host country and in the country of origin; the development of digital technologies, contributing to the expansion of the use of nonstandard forms of employment such as freelancing and platform employment. In the process of the research, the fundamental principles of forming the labor potential of migrants, which, in our opinion, contribute to the improvement of their labor potential, were identified. It is argued that it is advisable to focus attention not only on the organizational and economic efficiency of production processes. The article concludes that in regulating labor migration it is necessary to take into account the transition from the model of standardized employment to individualized employment, which significantly affects migrants and is confirmed by the spread of precarious work among them.

Conclusions. This study examines the migration component of interaction between Russia and the Republic of Tajikistan, which is very important for both countries. For Russia, the expediency of migration processes is due to the fact that they contribute to the solution of demographic and related problems, including the replenishment of the labor force at the expense of young and middle-aged people. For the Republic of Tajikistan, migration is part of the state policy on labor market regulation, which is confirmed by current and prospective measures to regulate the labor market in this country. The positive result of interaction between Russia and the Republic of Tajikistan is achieved with a comprehensive approach to solving this problem, providing for statistical substantiation of the need for labor resources, adequate to changing conditions legislative framework, close connection with the sphere of education. Modern computer technologies cause a high degree of digitalization of organizational and labor processes, manifested in the expansion of non-standard, including precarious, forms of employment, which implies the need for their monitoring and regulation.

The relevance of this research is determined by the growing interest in integration processes in Eurasia and their impact on international trade relations, particularly in the context of the interaction between Russia and Iran. In the face of global economic challenges, Iran’s integration efforts within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) become a significant factor contributing to the development of foreign economic ties. The novelty of the study lies in the application of various econometric methods to the analysis of trade and integration between Iran and Russia.

Aim. The purpose of this study is to study the impact of Iran’s integration process into the economies of the EAEU and SCO on the foreign trade relations between Russia and Iran.

Tasks. The objectives of the research include calculating the trade complementarity index to assess the mutual complementarity of the trade profiles of Iran, Russia, and their trading partners, analyzing economic data and indicators of EAEU and SCO integration to gain a deeper understanding of Iran’s integration process into the regional economy and its implications for trade between Iran and Russia, as well as developing an econometric trade model to evaluate the influence of various factors, particularly those related to integration, on the trade turnover between Russia and Iran and other countries.

Methods. The methods employed include econometric modeling of international trade using a gravity approach, calculating the trade complementarity index, and descriptive statistics.

Results and Conclusions. The results demonstrate a low level of trade complementarity between the trade profiles of Russia and Iran, which may indicate a weak potential for trade development. Nevertheless, trade between Russia and Iran is at a low stage of development, and there is significant potential for growth in various areas. Iran’s successful efforts to integrate into the EAEU, the conclusion of a Temporary Agreement leading to the establishment of a free trade zone, and the Free Trade Agreement between the EAEU and Iran have become important incentives for increasing trade turnover and fulfilling existing potential. Econometric calculations show that the conclusion of free trade agreements and preferential trade agreements could lead to a multiple increase in trade turnover between Russia and Iran.

A new stage of the “Big Game” in the Eurasian space is unfolding with the participation of an alliance of states, the so-called collective West. The goals and scope of the confrontation are not limited to Central Asia, but cover the entire Eurasian arc of instability. The area of the Caspian region is considered as the axial zone of the Eurasian continent, on which the geopolitical interests of the leading economies are focused and a new space of world economic development is being formed.

Aim. To analyze the current geopolitical situation in the area of the Greater Caspian region, including the Central Asian space from the point of view of Russia’s national interests.

Task. To identify the role of the Russian Federation and to substantiate the state of developmen t of geopolitical processes in the space of the Eurasian arc of instability.

Methods. The work uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, system and project approaches, analytical, descriptive and monographic methods, models and mechanisms of spatial development.

Results. At the present stage of world economic development, the motivation s of humanity are being formed in the context of creative development and the alignment of geopolitical processes in the vector of creating a more just and multipolar world. A special mission of the awakening process is assigned to Russia, which is a civilizational leader for the self-consc iousness of the peoples of the world of the objective need for a global creative reset. In the area of the Greater Caspian region, the outlines of a new model of the world order are being formed based on the consolidation of the efforts of the system-forming and interconnected international organizations of the SCO, CICA and BRICS.

Conclusions. The strengthening of the role of the new world economic duo of Russia and China is accompanied by global trends of positive development in the world as the process of forming a “new integral world economic order” has begun.

The research is aimed at studying the normative legal acts of the CIS member states regulating the provision of state and municipal services in the CIS member states.

Aim. To identify approaches to the formation of terminological foundations of the legal institute of state and municipal services, to the definition of the range and legal position of the participants of legal relations, to the regulation of the order of provision (rendering) of state and municipal services.

Tasks. To consider legislative approaches, terms used in the sphere of public/service services, the development of the topic in scientific literature. To analyze regulatory legal acts of the CIS member states in the sphere of state and municipal services.

Methods. The research was conducted using comparative legal method.

Results. The study has shown that legal regulation of provision of state and municipal services is carried out in all CIS member states, the terminological apparatus is mainly presented, while the diversity of definitions and approaches to the provision of service services, which is manifested not only in relation to state and municipal services, but also in connection with the provision of services in various life situations, as well as public services and services to the business environment, is noted. The results are presented in the form of generalized models of legal regulation of state and municipal services in the CIS.

Conclusions. At present, in the legislation of the CIS member states, despite the different approaches to the formation of the terminological foundations of the legal institution of state and municipal services, the definition of the range and legal status of participants in the process of providing (rendering) state and municipal services, regulating the procedure for providing (rendering) state and municipal services, there are prerequisites for the harmonization of legal principles and norms in the area under study.

Aim. The article defines the common features and specifics of the policy and practical experience of participatory budgeting in five post-Soviet member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan).

Tasks. The assessment of the current situation in these countries by international organizations is used.

The effectiveness of the legal framework for open budget and participatory budgeting in each analyzed country is revealed. Participatory budgeting models specific to the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union are analyzed.

Methods. First of all, we analyze the legislation and strategic documents, as well as the responsible bodies. Secondly, we provide an assessment of the practice of the EAEU countries by international organizations. Thirdly, we analyze the participatory budgeting models specific to the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. Finally, we draw conclusions on similar problems in the EAEU countries

Results. It was revealed that the model of convergence democracy is more typical for Russia and Kazakhstan, multilateral participation is more or less specific for Kyrgyzstan and Armenia, participatory modernization is suitable for Belarus. Moreover, we see that there is no model of participatory budgeting that is specific to all EAEU countries.

Conclusions. It can be concluded that the EAEU countries differ significantly in their participatory budgeting policies and practices, as well as in the ratings of international organizations. At the same time, a number of common points are noted.

The article analyses the practical feasibility of building an architecture of equal and indivisible security in Eurasia and identifies the main factors obstructing the realisation of this goal. The analysis is based on the results of the All-Russian Winter Online School “International Conflicts and Global Security”, which was held from 4 to 6 February 2024 at the North-West Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.

Aim. To identify and summarise the empirical and theoretical limitations of the concept of indivisible security in the context of building an inclusive and sustainable security architecture in Eurasia.

Methods. The methods of scientific discussion followed by theoretical analysis of the materials of the All-Russian Winter Online School “International Conflicts and Global Security” were applied.

Results. In the course of the study it became possible to identify several promising directions of Russian scientific discussion on equal and indivisible security in Eurasia. First, the study of global factors, such as the dynamics and characteristics of contemporary international conflicts, as well as the role and impact of new technologies on society and interstate relations. Second, discussing the possibilities and prospects for Russia’s co-operation with the states of Eurasia and other continents within the framework of a more inclusive Greater Eurasian Partnership.

Conclusions. The study shows that the formation of equal and indivisible security in Eurasia is hampered by a number of empirical and theoretical limitations. Empirical difficulties include the continuing growth of conflicts in the world, dynamic events, the absence of a world order, the prevalence of competing interests and fundamental differences between the approaches of European and Eurasian powers to building a new world order. A kind of “black swan” is digital technologies, which can both increase the efficiency of public administration and generate more rigid forms of social control and reproduce insecurity. The theoretical limitations include the contradiction between the universalist nature of the concept of indivisible security and the idea of its local application, i.e. in the Eurasian space. The state-centrism of the concept, as well as the difficulty of implementing indivisible security in the absence of “indivisible justice” in the relations of sovereign states are also significant difficulties. The authors of the article conclude that despite these shortcomings, this concept has practical potential and is one of the promising projects for building a new world order.

During the period of the global political crisis, there was a forced revision of many international and global initiatives initiated by the UN. Despite the different opinions among states regarding the advisability of continuing the Sustainable Development Goals program, the UN and most countries do not question the need for its continuation.

The slowdown of the globalization process, the segmentation of the global space, and the emergence of regional processes to the fore have become an incentive for the development of regional integration structures. To a large extent, of the three hierarchical levels (global, regional, national), the value of the middle level has increased.

The article examines the activities of the EAEU to achieve sustainable development goals. It is shown that achieving the SDGs is viewed through the prism of achieving integration priorities reflected in the EAEU Development Strategy-2025.

Aim. Describe the activities of the regional integration structure of the EAEU to achieve the SDGs.

Tasks. Consider the main monitoring mechanisms for achieving the SDGs in the activities of the EAEU.

Methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, descriptive and comparative methods were used.

Results. It has been demonstrated that the introduction of SDGs into the regional agenda has a stimulating effect on the development strategy of the EAEU.

Conclusions. The global crisis has stimulated closer attention to the regional level of development, where, in economic terms, integration structures play a major role. Achieving the SDGs contributes to economic development, social progress and democracy through achieving sustainable development of member states. In a period of severe confrontation between the world’s majorities and minorities, the SDG concept has shown its relevance as the most general guideline for the development of the world. Throughout the years after the adoption of the development program, international multilateral meetings at various levels, including at the UN level, were not interrupted, discussing the results of achieving the SDGs by the world’s RIOs.

The study is aimed at studying the works of Chinese authors on the issues of Russian-Chinese cooperation.

Aim. To analyze the main areas of cooperation between China and Russia in the Arctic as interpreted by Chinese authors.

Tasks. To identify the current state and forecasts of Chinese-Russian Arctic cooperation, considered in the works of Chinese scientists, and compare them with the national interests of Russia.

Methods. To determine the specifics of the Chinese understanding of cooperation in the Arctic, historiographic and geopolitical approaches were used, focused on the adoption and implementation of political and managerial decisions, achieving specific managerial results. Using the historiographic approach, the transformation of Chinese-Russian relations, the dynamics and problems in the interaction of the two countries are analyzed.

Results. A comprehensive study reflects the specifics and shows the prospects for strategic cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation. An analysis is given on current issues of Chinese-Russian cooperation in the Arctic region based on a study of the works of Chinese scientists. The existing problems in Chinese-Russian relations are identified and analyzed, and proposals for their resolution are defined. A prospective analysis of the development of Chinese-Russian relations in the Arctic is made based on the works of Chinese researchers.

Conclusions. The People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation are important partners in the development of the Arctic. This partnership is built on the basis of comprehensive strategic interaction between the countries. The two countries need to further deepen their Arctic cooperation. It is necessary to overcome the difficulties for the stable and sustainable development of the Arctic. Cooperation between China and Russia in the Arctic will continue to develop on the basis of a strategic partnership between the countries. At the same time, Russia considers the Northern Sea Route as a competitive national transport artery with the possibility of its international use for transportation between Europe and Asia. To this end, the Russian Federation gives priority attention, in particular, to the issues of neutralizing the course of unfriendly states to militarize the region and limit Russia’s ability to exercise its sovereign rights in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to establishing mutually beneficial cooperation with non-Arctic states that pursue a constructive policy towards Russia and are interested in implementing international activities in the Arctic, including the infrastructural development of the Northern Sea Route.

In the context of the rapid development of science and technology and the complexity of the geopolitical landscape, the Arctic region has become a frontier of international competition. Russia and China, as important participants in Arctic affairs, not only share common interests in the fields of geopolitics and economics but also possess significant potential for cooperation in maintaining stability and sustainable development in the region. In recent years, scientific and technological diplomacy has become an important tool for interstate interaction, and the construction and cooperation of Arctic think tanks at universities in Russia and China are gradually transforming into a primary format for scientific and technological diplomacy.

Aim. This article aims to explore the establishment of think tanks at universities in China and Russia in the field of Arctic research, analyze their role and positioning in scientific and technological diplomacy, and further investigate specific pathways for cooperation between universities, along with recommendations for optimizing interactions.

Methods. Through a systematic review and empirical analysis, the cooperation and establishment of think tanks in universities in China and Russia concerning Arctic issues are examined.

Results. The cooperative pathways of Arctic think tanks in Chinese and Russian universities include conducting joint scientific research and expeditions to achieve data and resource sharing; regularly holding international conferences and academic exchanges to facilitate political dialogue and knowledge transfer; utilizing research results from think tanks to provide policy recommendations to the government, supporting decision-making for both countries on Arctic issues. Additionally, cooperation among think tanks can enhance exchanges and collaborations in fields such as information technology and environmental protection, promoting joint development.

Conclusions. The research findings indicate that cooperation between the think tanks of universities in China and Russia on Arctic issues effectively promotes interaction between the two countries in areas such as politics, information technology, resource utilization, and environmental protection, providing intellectual support for the Arctic strategies of both countries and playing an active role in global governance.

The promising areas of energy cooperation outlined in this article are most fully capable of ensuring mutual consideration of the energy interests of Russia and Saudi Arabia in the context of achieving national technological sovereignty and achieving the production of common goods for the purposes of energy development of the two countries.

Aim. To identify promising areas of energy cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia, taking int o account the priorities of ‘green’ energy development in KSA.

Tasks. To analyse the current state and priorities of ‘green’ energy development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia within the framework of the ‘Vision 2030’ programme; to analyse the existing legal framework and institutional mechanisms of energy cooperation between Russia and KSA; to identify key areas of technological cooperation between Russia and KSA in the field of nuclear energy; to assess the potential of cooperation between Russia and KSA in the field of hydrogen energy development; to develop practical recommendations for the development of Russian and Saudi energy co operation in the field of hydrogen energy.

Methods. To solve the problems posed in the study, the author uses such methods as statistical analysis, system and compar ative analysis, scientific generalization, expert assessments.

Results. Support and assistance to the governments of the Russian Federation and Saudi Arabia in the area of fuel and energy complex is an important tool for achieving the strategic objectives of the two countries in the field of energy, science and technology. The energy dialogue between Russia and Saudi Arabia has considerable potential fo r further deepening and expansion, particularly in such areas as nuclear and hydrogen power.

Conclusions. Intensified efforts to create favorable conditions for bilateral energy cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia are today aimed at: the possibility of diversifying the fuel and energy complex and maintaining its sustainability in the changing global energy landscape; creating advanced technologies that can increase the competitiveness of the two countries on the world stage, as well as achieve the goal of the energy transition to reduce the carbon footprint; creating new highly skilled jobs in research, engineering, production and services.

Aim and tasks. To examine the participation of China and India in the work of the Arctic Council by considering 3 criteria and compare the performance of 2 countries in the work of the Council based on these indicators.

Methods. Structural-analytical approach, document analysis, comparative analysis, generalization and synthesis.

Results. There are formulated 3 criteria in the article: the number of delegates sent by China and India to the meetings of the Senior Arctic Officials of the Arctic Council (SAO AC); the number of projects in which both countries participate within the framework of the Council’s working groups; the content of these projects and their distribution among the Council’s groups. The lists of participants in the meetings of the SAO AC and the reports Beijing and Delhi submitted to the institution in question were studied to identify the indicators. Based on the consideration of these indicators, a comparative analysis of the participation of China and India in the work of the Arctic Council was conducted.

Conclusions. China is represented at SAO AC meetings by more delegates (2) than India (1–2 depending on the meeting). China implemented the largest number of projects in 2021–2023, India in 2019–2021. China increases its presence in the activities of the Council’s working groups with each period. The number of projects in which India participates jumps from period to period. China participated in 63 projects during the period 2013–2023, while India participated in 62 (this figure for India is not exact). Both countries focus on projects implemented within the framework of PAME, CAFF and AMAP, which is related to the environmental, climate and energy policies of the states. However, India does not participate in the projects of the EPPR group, which is an omission. Overall, China participates in the AC to a greater extent than India, and thus actually implements environmental policies in the Arctic.