Aim . Presentation of the results of the analysis of bibliometric data of Russian scientific journals, thematically covering Eurasian topics, which are available in the bibliographic database of the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU.

Tasks. Comparative analysis of the publication activity of journal authors. Analysis of the main thematic areas of research on economic, legal and political processes taking place in the Eurasian space. Identification of ways to solve strategic tasks of countering sanctions by “Western partners”.

Methods. The calculations are based on the methods of scientometric analysis of bibliographic data to determine the volume of scientific publications in the field under study.

Results . The data on the national share of scientific periodicals, their thematic structure and distribution depending on the status of the publication are presented (Russian Science Citation Index — RSCI, Higher Attestation Commission   — HAC, international databases   — MNBD). The trends of publication activity are revealed and the bibliometric data of the authors of scientific journals are analyzed.

Conclusions . The conducted research is of interest to scientists in the field of regional studies, law, politics, world and national economy.

The  studies of extremist discourse in cyberspace use set scientific methods to protect traditional spiritual values, such as state sovereignty, human rights and freedoms, historical and cultural heritage. The experience of the member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) on the implementation of regional international agreements aimed at combating extremism should be applied in the organization of countering extremist crimes committed using digital technologies.

Aim . To characterize approaches to combating extremism in cyberspace within the SCO and to determine the methodology for assessing the degree of public danger of manifestations of extremism.

Methods. The study on extremism in SCO apply a  comparative legal  method when posing the problem of criminalization of extremist practices and use discourse analysis of the extremism in cyberspace problem for assessing the public danger of radical ideology.

Results. Three groups of methods are used in the fight against extremism: methods of legal regulation, methods of studying and assessing the public danger of extremist materials and methods of scientific research of extremism. Prohibitive legal regulation in cyberspace is applied to media content that, according to the conclusion of linguistic expertise, contains signs of extremist materials. The doctrinal basis for the legal assessment of the linguistic expertise of extremist materials is the socio-legal research conducted in the SCO member states.

Conclusions. The propaganda of extremism in cyberspace qualifies as an abuse of freedom of speech, since extremist ideology leads to terrorism. The SCO consensus on the need to combat extremism is based on a  scientific methods  system for radical ideology research, among which discourse analysis and narrative dialogue research will play an increasing role with the digital transformation.

Until 1991,  the Eurasian Economic Union   (EAEU) countries, namely Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia, were part of the unified budget system of the USSR.   After the collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent independence, the countries began to pursue an independent fiscal policy. In all five countries, a number of reforms have been implemented that have resulted in changes in the organization of fiscal policy, the creation of new fiscal institutions and the corresponding legal framework.

 Aim . To reveal the open budget effect on the corruption on the cases of the EAEU countries.

Tasks. We  analyze data from international organizations that assess the current situation in these countries.

Methods. We assess the impact of open financial data (according to the Open Data Inventory, ODIN, prepared by Open Data Watch) on corruption for the five EAEU countries (2015–2020) based on unbalanced panel data analysis.

Results . The hypothesis posed about the positive anti-corruption impact of an open budget in the EAEU countries was confirmed. We found that the quality of regulation and openness of the budget can affect the reduction of corruption.

Conclusion. It is concluded that the EAEU countries differ significantly in anti-corruption and open budget policies and practices, as well as in the international organizations indices.

With the next expansion of NATO to the east, when Finland became the 31st  member of the alliance, the Arctic party of the “Great Game” began to unfold in addition to the European party, which continues today in Ukraine. These parties directly or indirectly cover the coast and waters of three Russian seas  — the Black, Baltic and Barents   — and logically fit into the global confrontation between maritime and continental civilizations, known as the geopolitical epic “The Great Game”. In the same year, 2023, a new Concept of Russian foreign policy was adopted, which especially highlights the Arctic among regional areas. This is how new conditions for the development of the Arctic are created against the backdrop of the Arctic party of the “Great Game”.

Aim . The purpose of the article is to identify the features of Russia’s positioning in the Arctic in new conditions/

Tasks. To achieve the formulated goal, the following tasks are being solved: to identify probable external challenges and threats to Russia in the Western Arctic and to propose measures to counter the latter.

Methods. The work uses the methodological approach of strategic planning in combination with the tools of spatial economics and the theory of new economic geography. This makes it possible to coordinate the target dominants of defense and economic activities in the Western Arctic in new geo-economic and political conditions.

Conclusions . The aggravation of the geopolitical situation on the sidelines of the “Great Game” now directly affects the Arctic, and the global confrontation between two civilizations has come directly to the western borders of Russia in the Arctic region   — this  is how a   direct threat to our country has formed.

Aim .  Coverage of the problem of ensuring economic security in conditions of insufficient financing of information protection measures both from the state, which establishes requirements for the protection of restricted access information of various types, ranging from state secrets to personal data of citizens, and from organizations that implement these requirements.Tasks. Formation of proposals to overcome difficulties in the implementation of financial measures to ensure the protection of information in organizations in order to implement measures to ensure economic security.

Methods. In this paper, using the methods of factor, statistical and quantitative analysis, statistical information in the field of financing information protection measures is considered, the parameters of financing some measures are estimated based on open data presented in the Unified Information System in the field of procurement, as well as the provisions of legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of information security and public-private partnership and an attempt has been made to prove the existence of problems in the financing of information protection measures.

Results . It is proved that ensuring the economic security of nuclear power plants (on the example of the Russian Federation) on the basis of financial support for information protection measures is one of the most pressing problems in the modern digital world. Every year, threats to the security of information systems are becoming more complex and sophisticated, requiring organizations and companies to make additional efforts and resources to effectively counter. Practical ways of solving the problem of financing information protection measures in order to ensure economic security are proposed, using both the possibility of expanding public-private partnership in this area and other measures that organizations can directly use.

Conclusions . Despite the need to ensure economic security, many organizations face financial difficulties in implementing information security measures. Limited budget funds, improper allocation of resources, inefficient financing strategy, difficulties in finding and purchasing effective Russian software and technical means of information protection in the conditions of sanctions impact on the Russian Federation – all these are obstacles to the successful provision of economic security.

With the development of integration processes on the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union, the convergence of transport and logistics systems is a  necessary condition for both transport connectivity and the development of trade relations. The current geopolitical situation, which led to an increase in traffic and within the EEU and the redirection of transport flows to the East, requires a change in  the paradigm of the legal regulation of the transport industry at the interstate level.

Aim . Reveal the main problems of international legal regulation of the convergence of transport and logistics ecosystems in the Eurasian region.

Tasks. It is proposed to consider the main trends of the formation of an array of legal regulation of the transport and logistics industry in the EAEU as part of the implementation of a  common transport policy and the implementation of major infrastructure projects, such as the Eurasian transport framework, to analyze the relevance of the main EAEU documents in the field of transport and logistics, to present the basic elements of the new paradigm of the EAEU unified transport system, including railway transport.

Methods. When conducting the research, comparative-legal, formal-legal methods, synthesis, deduction, induction, as well as abstraction and the systematic method were used.

Results . The necessity of a   significant change in the approach to the formation of an effective model of international legal regulation of transport integration within the EAEU, clarification of the main directions of a common transport policy of the member states of the association, ensuring its competitiveness at the world level, transport and technological sovereignty of Russia and other partner countries, full realization of the transit potential of the union, as well as the effective functioning of the industry in the conditions of Industry 4.0 is substantiated.

Conclusions . The proposed integrated approach will make it possible to fully implement the adopted Strategic Directions for the development of Eurasian economic integration until 2025, to lay the foundations for a   new stage of integration of transport and logistics systems within the EAEU with the achievement of the set significant milestones in the interests of the countries and peoples of our integration association.

Cybercrime   is  the   threat  to  national  and  international  informational  security.  The  objects  of cyberthreats are economics security, critical information structure, information state sovereignty. All states admit necessity to take effective measures for anti-cybercrime in this time. Such organizations, as Commonwealth of Independent States, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Shanghai Cooperation Organization are to take active measures on counteracting cybercrime.

Aim . The aim of this article is to define principal directions on effective counteracting cybercrime, including creation of law base on national, regional and international levels, measures for prevention cybercrime and development of international collaboration.

Tasks.  There are following tasks in this article: to define “cybercrime”, categories of cybercrime and measures for prevention cybercrime, to analyze experience of member nations of the CIS and world law mechanism for cybercrime control.

Methods.  There is necessity to define terminology in accordance with the international standards for cybercrime control.

Results . Member nations of the CIS are giving important attention to creation the law base for national and international security, and also Criminal Law about responsibility for cybercrime.

The Model Law “On counteracting cybercrime” was adopted by Interparliamentary Assembly of the CIS on 14 Aprile 2023, which  is the base of development of national legislation in sphere of cybercrime control.

On 30  July   2021 Russia was carry in General Assembly of the United Nations the Project of Convention United Nations Countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes for creation of international law mechanism for anti-cybercrime.

In the result of this research author is defined cybercrime and it’s variety in accordance with international standards, and also principal directions of counteracting cybercrime in contemporary period.

Conclusion. Implementation by member nations of the CIS of Model Law “On counteracting cybercrime” will allow unify national legislation and assist strengthening and extension international cooperation between these states on combating cybercrime.

There is necessity to adopt such complex Federal Law “On counteracting cybercrime” and the Strategy on cybersecurity in Russia.

The present study is aimed at considering topical international legal problems related to notarial proceedings on the territory of Russia and foreign countries, including within the framework of the EAEU.  This article  deals with some modern actual international legal problems of notarial proceedings in private international law.

Aim . Find ways to solve certain topical problems of notarial proceedings in private international law, in particular, the use of electronic documents issued outside the territory of the Russian Federation and the performance of notarial acts in connection with the introduction of economic measures in the context of sanctions against the Russian Federation.

Tasks. Outline the essence and depth of certain topical problems of modern notarial proceedings in private international law, in particular, the use of electronic documents issued outside the territory of the Russian Federation and the performance of notarial acts in connection with the introduction of economic measures in the context of sanctions against the Russian Federation; formulate conclusions and suggestions on the specified research topic.

Methods. The methodological basis of this study was the method of analysis and synthesis, the analytical method, the comparative legal method, the system-structural method, and some others.

Results . During the study, the authors concluded that notary activity with a  foreign element  is a  complex and  responsible process that requires not only a  high  level of professionalism and competence from a  notary public, but also the ability to work with clients from different countries, as well as with other specialists, in order to ensure the correct and accurate execution of documents. It is important to understand that each case can be unique, and a  notary must be prepared to adapt to different situations and provide effective problem solving for his clients. However, a   properly  organized and professionally executed notarial activity with a   foreign element  can be an important step towards a   successful international transaction or legal procedure.

Conclusions . If we turn to modern problems of notarial proceedings in private international law, we can conclude that notarial proceedings in the Russian Federation were significantly affected by the global pandemic and the imposed sanctions conditions, which made it difficult or impossible to provide paper documents necessary for notarial acts. We believe that the transition to electronic document management will have a positive impact on international cooperation and will facilitate the performance of notarial acts. As a  solution to  the problem, we proposed the conclusion of an international treaty regulating electronic document management, in which it would be possible to establish the possibility of accepting international electronic documents.

In a   situation  of growing international confrontation, it is important to clearly identify tools and mechanisms that can contribute to the consolidation of the positions of states friendly to Russia. In the context of one of the lines of global fragmentation — the division of the world into the West and non-West  — the deepening and expansion of the Eurasian integration agenda is actualized.

Aim . To determine the specifics of the interpretation of values in the conceptual and strategic documents of the EAEU   countries in  the context of their adaptation to the current challenges and threats of national and international security, integration dynamics and changes in the external environment in the conditions of global turbulence.

Task . To characterize the axiological aspect of the existing conceptual and strategic documents of the EAEU countries; to  identify key concepts that reveal the concept of values in them; to show common and distinctive features in the approaches of the EAEU   countries in this area and the possibilities of their convergence at the integration level.

Methods. The study was based on comparative analysis and non-formalized qualitative analysis of documents.

Results. The main semantic blocks in the content of the conceptual and strategic documents of the EAEU   countries are  highlighted, taking into account the designated problem field. The focus of attention was on the interpretation of external challenges and threats, manifestations of global turbulence; articulation of certain values in a  changing extern al environment; linking with the ethno-cultural component and identity issues. A  significant  coupling of approaches to the interpretation of values with the influence of external factors has been established. The specificity of verification of sources and directions of destructive influence is shown.

Conclusions. The approaches of the EAEU countries to the interpretation of values in the perspective of events and processes taking place in the external dimension have a   large number of coincidences and common features. The central concept in the studied documents is spiritual and moral values, the preservation and protection of which are embedded in the system of national interests / national  strategic priorities. In the external dimension, international humanitarian cooperation is emphasized, which is conceived as a  way of inter-civilizational dialogue against the background of increasing instability and conflict. A  serious vulnerability can be considered the absence of an explicit interface between the value agenda formed by each of the countries of the Union and their integration guidelines and preferences.

The  article examines the role of the phenomenon of civilizational identity in Russia’s foreign policy in the context of the current hybrid confrontation based on the study of the parameters of the possibilities for resolving the “Crimean issue”. The essence of the global hybrid conflict between Russia and the West is analyzed, the possibilities of using the concept of civilizational identity as a   geopolitical toolkit  are determined. Aim . Unleashing the potential of the concept of civilizational identity in the global hybrid confrontation with the collective West in the context of the formation of a  polycentric  world order based on the experience of resolving the “Crimean issue”.

Tasks. Determine the essence and parameters of the global geopolitical conflict in modern world political conditions; to characterize the role of the civilizational identity of the Crimean population in solving the “Crimean issue”, to identify the potential of civilizational identity for solving domestic and foreign political problems, taking into account Russian national interests.

Methods. Geopolitical approach, system analysis, retrospective method, document analysis.

Results . The study showed the need for the formation and conceptualization of the civilizational foundations of Russia’s foreign policy. This should be a   larger-scale policy  that is creative in nature and translates the principles of justice and peaceful interstate relations. Changes in Russian foreign policy thinking can bring positive results  — to strengthen the Russian statehood, Russia’s international subjectivity, lay the foundations for a  truly polycentric  world order and expand the boundaries of the Russian world.

Conclusions . The concept of civilizational identity acts as a   universal an d effective tool for solving the “Crimean issue” and therefore should be considered both as a  basic social  value, and as a  mandatory category of state document strategies, and as a  formative element in th e information sphere.

Aim . To identify the most relevant political worldviews of the Eurasian space in the discourse of Russian think-tanks.

Tasks. To justify the conceptual field of the concept “political worldview”. To identify the leading think-tanks in Russia, the focus of research of which is the political worldviews of the Eurasian continent. Study the intellectual products of Russian think-tanks for concepts, analyzes, forecasts, political views and positions on the main political worldviews of the Eurasian space.

Methods. The main methods were cross-temporal analysis and content analysis of intellectual products of think-tanks, as well as general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis.

Results.  The concept of “political worldview” is a   system of images,  views and actions expressed in political institutions, interconnectedly reflecting the strategic directions of political, economic, social, environmental, technological development. A meaningful analysis of the expert and analytical products of Russian think tanks over a  ten-year period  made it possible to select nine organizations whose intellectual specialization focuses on the development of the Eurasian space. The study showed that the following concepts of political pictures of the world are present in the communicative practice of these analytical centers: “Greater Eurasia”, BRICS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), “Belt and Road Initiative”, “Community of Shared Future for mankind”.

Conclusions.  The study of the analytical materials of the selected think tanks shows a   steady high  research interest in the development of the Eurasian space and political worldviews of the countries of the Eurasian continent. Think-tanks in the political system, in fact, perform the functions of subjects that generate, construct and broadcast political worldviews. In the modern realities of global turbulence and high entropy, the political worldviews of Eurasia acquire a  pronounced ideological actualization, as they become symbolic institutions in the global competitive field of confrontation of variety of worldviews.

In the article, from the standpoint of the structural and functional approach, the theoretical aspects of the formation of the concept of security of the Eurasian space as a   complex multilevel  socio-cultural system are considered.

Aim . To consider the essence of the security of the Eurasian space from the standpoint of a   structural and functional approach.

Tasks. To substantiate security as a  function  of the socio-cultural system, to consider the mechanisms of the impact of external and internal threats on Eurasian security.

Methods.  The  structural  and  functional  approach,  system  analysis,  generalization,  synthesis, comparative analysis were used.

Results . The applied approach made it possible to formulate a  definition of the security of a socio-cultural system, to identify ways to implement the security function by protecting and maintaining the system identity of its elements, as well as actively identifying destabilizing factors of the external and internal environment and countering them, in order to ensure effective, reliable and stable implementation of the purpose of the existence of a socio-cultural system.

Conclusions . The analysis of the concept of “security” has shown that this concept is, first of all, a  function of a socio-cultural  system aimed at preventing or reducing damage from existing or potentially possible threats, allowing it to achieve the established goal of its existence. In this regard, within the framework of the Eurasian integration process, it is necessary to consider the security of the Greater Eurasia region not as a  simple sum  of the national security of the states that make up it, but as a   basic function of a  single complex Eurasian socio-cultural system, which is an independent center for the development of a   multipolar world , ensuring the preservation of identity and development of the peoples of the historical Eurasian space, that is, as being on a  more at a  high system level, civilizational security.

This study is aimed at studying the public-private partnership (PPP) market of the Eurasian continent, best practices in the field of transport development, comparison of national regulations and the level of government regulation, as one of the important areas of socio-economic development of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).

Aim . To propose the use of Singapore’s public-private partnership experience for the Russian Federation in the field of transport infrastructure projects.

Tasks. Consider the experience of using PPP projects in different countries, highlight key features, analyze the legislative framework and regulatory support in this area, conduct a   comparative analysis of PPP projects in the transport sector of Singapore and the Russian Federation and propose successful practices for solving this problem.

Methods. Various general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge are used, among which are analysis, synthesis, analogy, as well as descriptive and system-functional methods. To compare the practices of Singapore and the Russian Federation, the comparative analysis method was used.

Results . Based on specific examples, the effectiveness of PPP in infrastructure and social projects in Singapore is substantiated and recommendations are formulated for applying successful experience and scaling it up in the Russian Federation.

Conclusion. Using the experience of Singapore’s public-private partnership will help increase the efficiency of PPP projects in the Russian Federation, improve the investment attractiveness of this segment of the economy and, as a   result, develop  the state’s transport infrastructure and improve the quality of life of the population.

This study discusses the long-term impact of the newly created institutions of the Indo-Pacific region (IPR) on the main regional integration institution of Southeast Asia (SEA), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and assesses the consequences of the implementation of the IPR concept by ASEAN countries.

Aim . Determine the main trends in the development of regional integration processes in Southeast Asia in the 2020s. in the context of the Indo-Pacific process.

Tasks. Determine the role of SEA countries in the Indo-Pacific process; identify the nature of the influence of AUKUS on the development trends of the regional security architecture of SEA; establish the impact of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) on the sustainable economic development of SEA countries.

Methods. The methodological basis of this study is based on general scientific methods (system analysis, forecasting), political science methods, approaches to the analysis of regional security complexes existing in international relations studies (B.   Buzan  [3], O.   Waver  [5], J.  De  Wilde  [4], A.   Acharya  [2]) and  to the analysis of regional economic integration and its stages (J.  Pelkmans  [10]).

Results .  The inclusion of ASEAN countries in the Indo-Pacific process initiated by the United States of America (USA) and its allies in the future in 2030 leadsto 1) an increase in military spending, which may indicate a   reduction in the level of trust in the region, 2) a   reduction in the rate of convergence of the economies of Southeast Asian countries, which may indicate a   growing imbalance  in the level of development of ASEAN countries.

Conclusions . The implementation of the IPR concept by ASEAN countries leads to the erosion of the “ASEAN-centricity” of regional institutions in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as to the projected reduction in the effectiveness of ASEAN in achieving the goals of a   regional integration  institution, namely: 1)  an increase  in military spending in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region in the 2020s, including in the ASEAN countries, indicating about the declining level of trust in relations with the PRC, leading to a   decrease in  the effectiveness of ASEAN diplomatic mechanisms to resolve existing disputes with China over the South China Sea; 2)  the pace of  catching-up development of poor Southeast Asian countries in the 2020s. are reduced, the implementation of IPEF will only be able to ensure some uneven economic growth in the most developed countries of Southeast Asia, it is becoming increasingly difficult for poor countries to catch up with the more developed countries of Southeast Asia in their level of economic development, and ASEAN’s goal of ensuring equitable economic development is becoming less achievable.

The article is devoted to the problems of negotiation training and research of modern negotiation practices in Russia and abroad in the context of expanding traditional diplomatic tools through the active involvement of non-state actors in world political processes, as well as the use of “expert diplomacy” resources in international negotiations.

Aim . To identify current trends in the teaching of negotiations in Russia and the world, to show the features of modern negotiation practices in the context of new geopolitical realities.

Tasks. To analyze the role of negotiations in modern social, political and international processes. To review the latest research in the field of negotiations in the context of Western and non-Western scientific schools on negotiations.

Methods. The methods of empirical analysis, consistency, scientific discussion, informational and historical approaches are applied.

Results . The key features of modern scientific schools on negotiations are revealed. The specificity of non-Western research on negotiations is shown. The importance of taking into account national, religious, and cultural peculiarities of business communication in building successful negotiation processes is evaluated.

Conclusions . Along with the universalization of negotiation practice and the formation of a  unified negotiation  culture, there is a  pronounced trend towards combining negotiation skills based on classical strategies in the educational process, as well as mastering the knowledge and skills of intercultural communication, business etiquette and communication with representatives of various countries of the world.

The issues of sustainability of border regions and macro-regions are largely related to the level of cooperation and integration in the social sphere, including in the scientific and educational space. The Caspian region, as a  unique complex of states historically linked by economic, legal and socio-cultural processes, is an example where such cooperation is implemented in the activities of the Association of State Universities and Research Centers of the Caspian Countries (hereinafter —Association).

Aim  and tasks . The purpose of the study is to characterize scientific and educational cooperation in the international space of the Caspian region on the example of the Association.

Methods. The research methods are related to the possibilities of a   multifactorial integrated approach in assessing regional processes and the activities of an international association in its historical development and situational analysis.

Results . As the results, the directions of activity and forms of cooperation of the Association’s members that contribute to strengthening the sustainability of the region are presented. The main vectors of the organization’s development and difficulties that need to be overcome are identified.

Conclusions . In order to strengthen good-neighborly relations and partnership, the Association and the implemented practices of building multilateral relations by universities are of indisputable importance. These ties greatly contribute to the formation of a  culture of  understanding and respect between countries, recognition of their achievements, contribute to their development and mutual enrichment.